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  3. One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of

One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of

游客2025-04-12  4
问题     One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of loss. The basic reason is that speculation can perform useful functions in the market equilibrium and encourages faster entry of more suppliers. If the price change lagged until after an actual commodity shortage had occurred, the fluctuation would probably be sharper and more sudden. Remedial supply action could not be further delayed. Similarly, if speculators foresee a surplus in some commodity, their selling of futures will help drive the price down to some extent before the surplus actually occurs. When speculators foresee a shortage and bid up the price, they are also helping to conserve the present supply. As the price goes up, less of the commodity is purchased; a rise in price encourages users to economize. Similarly, a lowering of price encourages users to buy more, thus helping to sell the surplus which is developing.
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答案     我们可能要问既然投机有这么大的风险，为什么还会允许进行投机呢。根本原因是投机能在经济发展中发挥有益的功能。由于相信价格会上涨从而买商品或期货加快了市场均衡，并能鼓励更多的供应商更快地进入市场。如果到商品真正出现短缺时，价格才开始变化，那么价格波动很可能更为剧烈、突然。采取补救措施增加供应将刻不容缓。同样，如果投机者预见到某商品将过剩，他们就会卖出期货，这样做有助于在过剩真正发生之前在一定程度上降低价格。而当投机者预见到将会出现短缺的时候，就会哄抬物价，这样做也有助于保存当前的供给。物价上涨时，商品购买量就会变少，因为价格上涨将促使消费者节约。物价下跌同样地将促使消费者增加购买，这样就有助于将正在增加的过剩商品出售出去。
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