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  3. Text 3 Over the past decade,many compani

Text 3 Over the past decade,many compani

资格题库2022-08-02  48
问题 Text 3 Over the past decade,many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors—habits—among consumers.These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking,often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems,like dirty hands instead of a soap habit,that remain killers only because we can't figure out how to change people's habits，”said Dr.Curtis,the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene&Tropical Medicine.“We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr.Curtis turned to—Procter&Gamble,ColgatePalmolive and Unilever—had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers'lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough,you'll find that many of the products we use every day—chewing gums,skin moisturizers,disinfecting wipes,air fresheners,water purifiers,health snacks,teeth whiteners,fabric softeners,vitamins—are results of manufactured habits.A century ago,few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day.Today,because of shrewed advertising and public health campaigns,many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavitypreventing scrub twice a day,often with Colgate,Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago,many people didn't drink water outside of a meal.Then beverage companies started bottling the production of faroff springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys,is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal.Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,”said Carol Berning,a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter&Gamble,the company that sold$76 billion of Tide,Crest and other products last year.“Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers'lives,and it's essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation,social scientists like Dr.Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising.As this new science of habit has emerged,controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.The author's attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people's habits is_____A.indifferentB.negativeC.positiveD.biased
选项 A.indifferent
B.negative
C.positive
D.biased
答案 B
解析 态度题【命题思路】这是一道观点态度题，可以通过判断作者最阐述这件事情的时候所用到的形容词的感情色彩进行判断。【直击答案】文章最后一段第一句指出“there is power in trying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising”，作者用含贬义色彩的“ruthless”（残酷无情的）修饰“advertising”，表明广告对人们习惯的影响，作者的态度是否定的。另外，第二句中也出现具有贬义色彩的形容词“questionable”和“unhealthy”，从中也可以看出作者对广告持否定态度，因此正确选项为B项。【干扰排除】根据态度题的做题原则中的责任原则：不承担责任的词一般都是陪考词，如impassive,indifferent等，可以排除A项。根据肯定原则：凡是自我否定的词一般都不入选，如biased,confused,puzzled等，可以排除D项。C项“positive”出现在第六段“creating positive habits is…”，用来修饰“habits”，而并非题干中的advertisement，属于偷换概念。
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英语二研究生

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