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  3. Text 3 Over the past decade,many compani

Text 3 Over the past decade,many compani

资格题库2022-08-02  37
问题 Text 3 Over the past decade,many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors—habits—among consumers.These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking,often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems,like dirty hands instead of a soap habit,that remain killers only because we can't figure out how to change people's habits，”said Dr.Curtis,the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene&Tropical Medicine.“We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr.Curtis turned to—Procter&Gamble,ColgatePalmolive and Unilever—had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers'lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough,you'll find that many of the products we use every day—chewing gums,skin moisturizers,disinfecting wipes,air fresheners,water purifiers,health snacks,teeth whiteners,fabric softeners,vitamins—are results of manufactured habits.A century ago,few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day.Today,because of shrewed advertising and public health campaigns,many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavitypreventing scrub twice a day,often with Colgate,Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago,many people didn't drink water outside of a meal.Then beverage companies started bottling the production of faroff springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys,is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal.Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,”said Carol Berning,a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter&Gamble,the company that sold$76 billion of Tide,Crest and other products last year.“Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers'lives,and it's essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation,social scientists like Dr.Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising.As this new science of habit has emerged,controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap_____A.should be further cultivatedB.should be changed graduallyC.are deeply rooted in historyD.are basically private concerns
选项 A.should be further cultivated
B.should be changed gradually
C.are deeply rooted in history
D.are basically private concerns
答案 A
解析 推理题【命题思路】这是一道封闭式推理题，考查考生对文章中某句话的深刻理解，考生可以通过同义替换锁定正确答案。【直击答案】根据题干关键词habits like hand washing with soap定位到第二段。Dr.Curtis提到“There are fundamental public problems,…we wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”由此可推出，他认为解决公共卫生问题的主要方法是创造自发的新习惯，因而A项为正确答案。A项中的cultivate（培养，养成）与原文中的create（创造，形成）属于同义替换。【干扰排除】文中“how to change people's habits”中的habits指“like dirty hands instead of a soap habit”，因为句内未出现转折，所以同一句话中在不同地方指到的同一概念应该是一致的。即，原文中提到的是改变不洗手的习惯，但题干中指的是“habits like hand washing with soap”（用香皂洗手的习惯），B项概念混淆。C项“历史上根深蒂固”，文章并没有从历史的角度阐释人们生活习惯的问题，属于无中生有。D项中的“private concerns”（个人关注的问题），与原文的“public health problems”，将public换成了private，属于偷换概念。
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