首页
登录
职称英语
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise
游客
2025-04-26
37
管理
问题
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study; various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
"If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark, "But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards."
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.
In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. [br] The phrase "token economies" (Line 1, Para. 3) probably refers to ______.
选项
A、ways to develop economy
B、systems of rewarding students
C、approaches to solving problems
D、methods of improving performance
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.tihaiku.com/zcyy/4054892.html
相关试题推荐
ThepoetryofGwendolynBrookshasbeenpraisedfordeepeningthesignifican
ThepoetryofGwendolynBrookshasbeenpraisedfordeepeningthesignifican
ThepoetryofGwendolynBrookshasbeenpraisedfordeepeningthesignifican
Accordingtosomepsychologists,indevelopingamodelofcognition,wemustrec
Socialpsychologistsarcusedtohearingthattheirexperimentsareawaste
Socialpsychologistsarcusedtohearingthattheirexperimentsareawaste
Socialpsychologistsarcusedtohearingthattheirexperimentsareawaste
Socialpsychologistsarcusedtohearingthattheirexperimentsareawaste
Anumberofarticleshavebeenpublishedbypsychologistsinfavoroftheir
Anumberofarticleshavebeenpublishedbypsychologistsinfavoroftheir
随机试题
StudyHabitsIncollegeinanyclass,youwillfind
SomepeoplesaythattheInternetprovidespeoplewithalotofvaluableinf
[originaltext]W:Ourbedroomneedscleaning.Shallwecleanitnow?M:Thanky
A.硫喷妥钠 B.氯胺酮 C.异氟烷 D.丙泊酚 E.恩氟烷脑电监测可出
桥梁墩台承载能力检测评定,检算的内容至少应包括()。A.截面强度 B.裂缝宽
下列对于法律开始生效的时间表述正确的是()。A:自法律制定之日起生效 B:自
在租赁合同签订后( )日内,房屋租赁双方当事人相关材料到市、县人民政府房产管理
下列说法正确的是:() A.在短期贷款和中长期贷款中,非金融企业及其他部门
金融远期合约主要包括()。A:远期外汇合约B:远期期货合约C:远期利率协议
执业药师的执业行为规范不得有A.以贬低同行的专业能力和水平等方式招揽业务 B.
最新回复
(
0
)