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  3. Founded at the dawn of the modern industrial era, the nearly forgotten Women

Founded at the dawn of the modern industrial era, the nearly forgotten Women

游客2025-04-06  14
问题     Founded at the dawn of the modern industrial era, the nearly forgotten Women’s Trade Union League(WTUL)played an instrumental role in advancing the cause of working women throughout the early part of the twentieth century. In the face of considerable adversity, the WTUL made a contribution far greater than did most historical footnotes.
    The organization’s successes did not come easily; conflict beset the WTUL in many forms. During those early days of American unions, organized labor was aggressively opposed by both industry and government. The WTUL, which represented a largely unskilled labor force, had little leverage against these powerful opponents. Also, because of the skill level of its workers as well as inherent societal gender bias, the WTUL had great difficulty finding allies among other unions. Even the large and powerful American Federation of Labor(AFL), which nominally took the WTUL under its wing, kept it at a distance. Because the AFL’s power stemmed from its highly skilled labor force, the organization saw little economic benefit in working with the WTUL. The affiliation provided the AFL with political cover, allowing it to claim support for women workers; in return, the WTUL gained a potent but largely absent ally.
    The WTUL also had to overcome internal discord. While the majority of the group’s members were working women, a sizable and powerful minority consisted of middle-class and upper-class social reformers whose goals extended beyond labor reform. While workers argued that the WTUL should focus its efforts on collective bargaining and working conditions, the reformers looked beyond the workplace, seeking state and national legislation aimed at education reform and urban poverty relief as well as workplace issues.
    Despite these obstacles, the WTUL accomplished a great deal. The organization was instrumental in the passage of state laws mandating an eight-hour workday, a minimum wage for women, and a ban on child labor. It provided seed money to women who organized workers in specific plants and industries, and also established strike funds and soup kitchens to support striking unionists. After the tragic Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire of 1911, the WTUL launched a four-year investigation whose conclusions formed the basis of much subsequent workplace safety legislation. The organization also offered a political base for all reform-minded women, and thus helped develop the next generation of American leaders. Eleanor Roosevelt was one of many prominent figures to emerge from the WTUL.
    The organization began a slow death in the late 1920s, when the Great Depression choked off its funding. The organization limped through the 1940s; the death knell eventually rang in 1950, at the onset of the McCarthy era. A turn-of-the-century labor organization dedicated to social reform, one that during its heyday was regarded by many as "radical, " stood little chance of weathering that storm. This humble ending, however, does nothing to diminish the accomplishments of an organization that is yet to receive its historical due. [br] The primary purpose of this passage is to
选项 A、describe the barriers confronting women in the contemporary workplace
B、compare and contrast the methods of two labor unions
C、critique the methods employed by an important labor union
D、call readers’ attention to an overlooked contributor to American history
答案 D
解析 本文的主要目的是要读者关注一个被忽视的对美国历史有贡献的机构。文章首段指出，20世纪早期，几乎被人遗忘的妇女工会联盟在促进劳动妇女的事业方面发挥着有益的作用。在巨大的逆境面前，妇女工会联盟所作的贡献远远超过大多数历史注脚的内容。
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