首页
登录
职称英语
The fossil remains of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have int
The fossil remains of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have int
游客
2025-02-26
37
管理
问题
The fossil remains of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued paleontologists lor more than two centuries. How such large crea- tures, which weighed in some cases as much as a piloted hang-glider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters, solved the problems of powered flight, and exactly what these creatures were—reptiles or birds—are among the questions scientists have puzzled over.
Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their skulls, pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the class of birds. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a winglike membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharp claws. In birds the second finger is the principal strut of the wing, which consists primarily of feathers. If the pterosaurs walked on all fours, the three short fingers may have been employed for grasping. When a pterosaur walked or remained stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn upward in an extended inverted V-shape along each side of the animal’ s body.
The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both the pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents a savings in weight. In the birds, however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts.
Although scales typically cover reptiles, the pterosaurs probably had hairy coats. T. H. Huxley reasoned that flying vertebrates must have been warmblooded because flying implies a high rate of metabolism, which in turn implies a high internal temperature. Hux- ley speculated that a coat of hair would insulate against loss of body heat and might streamline the body to reduce drag in flight. The recent discovery of a pterosaur specimen covered in long, dense, and relatively thick hairlike fossil material was the first clear evidence that his reasoning was correct.
Efforts to explain how the pterosaurs became airborne have led to suggestions that they launched themselves by jumping from cliffs, by dropping from trees, or even by rising into light winds from the crests of waves. Each hypothesis has its difficulties. The first wrongly assumes that the pterosaurs’ hind feet resembled a bat’s and could serve as hooks by which the animal could hang in preparation for flight. The second hypothesis seems un- likely because large pterosaurs could not have landed in trees without damaging their wings. The third calls for high waves to channel updrafts. The wind that made such waves however, might have been too strong for the pterosaurs to control their flight once airborne. [br] It can be inferred from the passage that scientists now generally agree that the
选项
A、enormous wingspan of the pterosaurs enabled them to fly great distances.
B、structure of the skeleton of the pterosaurs suggests a close evolutionary relationship to bats.
C、fossil remains of the pterosaurs reveal how they solved the problem of powered flight.
D、pterosaurs were reptiles.
E、pterosaurs walked on all fours.
答案
D
解析
科学家们大致同意的一点是:原文L12指出,科学家们争论最少的一点,即为本题所问。A.大型翅膀使翼龙能飞很远距离。无。B.翼龙骨架显示它们和蝙蝠亲缘相近。此点原文L35—40明确说,是适应飞行条件而形成的。不能说明亲缘关系。C.化石遗物揭示了它们怎样进行负重飞行。从原文最后一段可知,虽提供了多种假设,但都有缺陷。D.翼龙是爬行动物。正确,符合L12一14的叙述。E.翼龙四脚行进。在原文L24—25,并不是作者论述重点,也未指出在此点上科学家有一致意见。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.tihaiku.com/zcyy/3973931.html
相关试题推荐
Thefossilremainsofthefirstflyingvertebrates,thepterosaurs,haveint
Thefossilremainsofthefirstflyingvertebrates,thepterosaurs,haveint
Thefossilremainsofthefirstflyingvertebrates,thepterosaurs,haveint
Thefossilremainsofthefirstflyingvertebrates,thepterosaurs,haveint
FossilsofthecoralAcrocorapalmatathatdatefromthelastperiodwhenglacie
Byexaminingfossilizedbeetles,aresearchteamhasproducedthemostdetailed
Thefactsshowthatthefearofflyinginairplanesisnotrational.In1986alo
Ahugeflyingreptilethatdiedoutwiththedinosaurssome65millionyearsago
Structuralunemployment—theunemploymentthatremainsevenatthepeakoftheec
Structuralunemployment—theunemploymentthatremainsevenatthepeakoftheec
随机试题
化工企业金属罐内壁维修,使用移动或手持电气设备及行灯照明时,必须采用安全电压电源
利用闪点、自燃,或等特性控制液态可燃物,下列属于用不燃液体和闪点较高的液体代替闪
试回答混凝土护栏产品检验方法的问题。(4)基层质量检测的内容为()。A.当量回
良好的声誉风险管理有助于提升商业银行的盈利能力和实现长期战略目标,下列事件可能引
()指决策时如果改变对结果的描述改变参照点,会影响人们的偏好选择。A.确定
A.肾B.肝C.脾D.肺E.心诸湿肿满,皆属于
成本滚动预算的形式包括()A:逐周滚动、逐月滚动和逐季滚动B:逐月滚动、逐季滚
甲国发生未遂军事政变,政变头目哈维逃到乙国。甲国法院缺席判决哈维15年有期徒刑。
下列表面活性剂毒性最大的是A.单硬脂酸甘油酯 B.聚山梨酯80 C.新洁尔灭
心房颤动患者服用华法林,凝血酶原时间的国际标准化率(INR)应控制在A、1.0~
最新回复
(
0
)