2. 职称英语
  3. There are several possible relationships between language and society. One

There are several possible relationships between language and society. One

游客2024-11-03  21
问题     There are several possible relationships between language and
society. One is that social structure may either influence or determine
linguistic structure and behavior.
    Certain evidence may support this view: age-grading phenomenon【S1】________
whereby young children speak differently from older children and, in a【S2】________
turn, children speak differently from mature adults; studies which show
that the varieties of language that speakers use reflect such matters like【S3】________
their regional, social, or ethnic origin and possibly even their sex (or
gender) ; and other studies which show that particular ways of speaking,
choices of words, and even rules for conversing are in fact highly
determined by certain social requirements.
    A second  possible  relationship  is  directly  opposed  the first:【S4】________
linguistic structure and behavior may either influence or determine social
structure.
    A third possible relationship is that the influence is bi-directional:
language and society may influence each other.
    A fourth possibility is to assume that there is no relationship at all
between  linguistic  structure  and  social  structure  and  that  every is【S5】________
independent of the other. A variant of this possibility would be to say
that, because there might be some such relationship, present attempts to【S6】________
characterize it is essentially premature, given what we know about both【S7】________
language and society. Actually, this variant view appears to be the one
which Chomsky  himself  holds:  he  prefers  to  develop  an  asocial【S8】________
linguistics as a preliminary to many other kind of linguistics, such an【S9】________
asocial approach being, in his view, logically superior.【S10】________ [br] 【S10】
选项
答案 superior—prior
解析 词义混淆。根据前文可知，乔姆斯基倾向于开发一种孤立语言学来作为其他任何种类的语言学的基础。superior意为“上级的；有优越感的”，prior意为“事先安排的，较早的”，根据上文中的preliminary to可知，该处应该为preliminary的近义词，故将superior改为prior。
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