[originaltext]Crazed doggy parents will eagerly tell you that their dogs are ab

Crazed doggy parents will eagerly tell you that their dogs are able to understand and communicate, and are surely capable of basic levels of human cognition. It turns out that these doggy parents may not be so crazy after all. Dogs, like human babies, read our facial expressions. They don’t just rely on verbal cues to ascertain what humans want. They also use eye contact to anticipate our desires. In a recent study, the dogs were shown a video of a woman who would call them, stare straight at them to get their attention, and then look down at an object beside her. Then the dogs were shown a second video in which the woman would silently turn her head and stare at the object without ever making direct eye contact. In most cases, the dogs followed the woman’s gaze in the first video. In the second video, in which she made no direct eye contact, the dogs didn’t follow her gaze. Similar experiments have been conducted with babies, and 6-month-old infants exhibited the same behavior as the dogs. Experts think it’s a trait that the animals developed as they worked and bonded with generations of humans. Dogs have evolved to sharing their lives with humans, and they gained new skills that support their social interaction with humans. This should reinforce that if we want our dogs’ attention, we should be clear about it. For those people who talk to their dog in a baby-talk voice, they should keep it up.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
23. What does the speaker say about crazed doggy parents?
24. What do we learn from the study?
25. How do dogs learn to interact with humans according to some experts?