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  3. While there is no blueprint for transforming a largely government-controlled

While there is no blueprint for transforming a largely government-controlled

游客2024-01-13  54
问题     While there is no blueprint for transforming a largely government-controlled economy into a free one, the experience of the United Kingdom since 1979 clearly shows one approach that works: privatization, in which state-owned industries are sold to private companies. By 1979, the total borrowings and losses of state-owned industries were running at about ￡ 3 billion a year. By selling many of these industries, the government has decreased these borrowings and losses, gained over ￡ 34 billion from the sales, and now re- ceives tax revenues from the newly privatized companies. Along with a dramatically improved overall economy, the government has been able to repay 12. 5 percent of the net national debt over a two-year period.
    In fact, privatization has not only rescued individual industries and a whole economy headed for disaster, but has also raised the level of performance in ev- ery area. At British Airways and British Gas, for example, productivity per employee has risen by 20 percent. At associated British Ports, labor disruptions common in the 1970’ s and early 1980’ s have now virtually disappeared. At British Telecom, there is no longer a waiting list — as there always was before privatization — to have a telephone installed.  Part of this improved productivity has come about because the employees of privatized industries were given the opportunity to buy shares in their own companies. They responded enthusiast i- cally to the offer of shares; at British Aerospace, 89 percent of the eligible work force bought shares; at Associated British Ports, 90 percent; and at British Telecom, 92 percent. When people have a personal stake in something, they think about it, care about it, work to make it prosper. At the National Freight Consortium, the new employee-owners grew so concerned about their company’s profits that during wage negotiations they actually pressed their union to lower its wage demands.
    Some economists have suggested that giving away free shares would pro- vide a needed acceleration of the privatization process. Yet they miss Thomas Paine’s point that "what we obtain too cheap we esteem too lightly. " In order for the far-ranging benefits of individual ownership to be achieved by owners, companies, and countries, employees and other individuals must make their own decisions to buy, and they must commit some of their own resources to the choice. [br] The passage supports which of the following statements about employees buying shares in their own companies?
选项 A、At three different companies, approximately nine out of ten of the workers were eligible to buy shares in their companies.
B、Approximately 90% of the eligible workers at three different companies chose to buy shares in their companies.
C、The opportunity to buy shares was discouraged by at least some labor unions.
D、Companies that demonstrated the highest productivity were the first to allow their employees the opportunity to buy shares.
E、Eligibility to buy shares was contingent on employees’ agreeing to increased work loads.
答案 B
解析 关于购买自己公司股份的雇员，文中指出：A．三个公司中，大约90％的工人能购买股票。对原文数据理解有误，L41—44三个数字，全是指有能力购买的人中有多少人购买。B．正确。有能力购买的人当中，大约90％的人购买了其公司股票。C．工会不鼓励买股。未提。D．效益最好的公司最先让其雇员买股。无。E．买股意味着工人同意加重工作。在文中看不出必然联系。
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