2. 职称英语
  3. Historians of women’s labor in the United States at first largely disregarde

Historians of women’s labor in the United States at first largely disregarde

游客2024-01-13  34
问题     Historians of women’s labor in the United States at first largely disregarded the story of female service workers— women earning wages in occupations such as salesclerk, domestic servant, and office secretary. These historians focused instead on factory work, primarily because it seemed so different from traditional, unpaid "women’ s work" in the home, and because the underlying economic forces of industrialism were presumed to be gender-blind and hence emancipatory in effect. Unfortunately, emancipation has been less pro- found than expected, for not even industrial wage labor has escaped continued sex segregation in the workplace.
    To explain this unfinished revolution in the status of women, historians have recently begun to emphasize the way a prevailing definition of femininity often determines the kinds of work allocated to women, even when such allocation is inappropriate to new conditions. For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying women’s employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women. Because women accepted the more unattractive new industrial tasks more readily than did men, such jobs came to be regarded as female jobs. And employers, who assumed that women’s "real" aspirations were for marriage and family life, declined to pay women wages commensurate with those of men. Thus many lower-skilled, lower-paid, less secure jobs came to be per- ceived as "female. "
    More remarkable than the origin has been the persistence of such sex segregation in twentieth-century industry. Once an occupation came to be perceived as "female," employers showed surprisingly little interest in changing that perception, even when higher profits beckoned. And despite the urgent need of the United States during the Second World War to mobilize its human resources fully, job segregation by sex characterized even the most important war industries. Moreover, once the war ended, employers quickly returned to men most of the "male" jobs that women had been permitted to master. [br] The passage supports which of the following statements about the early mill owners mentioned in the second paragraph?
选项 A、They hoped that by creating relatively unattractive "female" jobs they would discourage women from losing interest in marriage and family life.
B、They sought to increase the size of the available labor force as a means to keep men’s to keep men’s wages low.
C、They argued that women were inherently suited to do well in particular kinds of factory work.
D、They thought that factory work bettered the condition of women by emancipating them from dependence on income earned by men.
E、They felt guilty about disturbing the traditional division of labor in family.
答案 C
解析 哪一个关于第二段说的早期作坊主的观点正确?A．让妇女不要失去结婚、家庭兴趣。无。B．为扩大劳动力规模，控制男工工资在低水平。无。C．正确。他们认为妇女天生就适合一些工厂工作。见原文L28—30，如细活、重复性工作。D．工厂劳动将妇女从依赖男人中解放出来。不是这些人观点，而是第一段所提一些历史学家的观点。E．“felt guilty”原文未提。
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