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  3. Witkins rightly argues that population may be deemed a valid sustainabl

Witkins rightly argues that population may be deemed a valid sustainabl

游客2024-01-11  55
问题          Witkins rightly argues that population may be deemed a valid sustainable
     development indicator—that sustainability can only be implemented by limiting
     population below the carrying capacity of the Earth. This thesis works relatively
     well when one presupposes that global per capita consumption is homogenous,
(5)   and that the global ecosystem can perform with uniform effectiveness the tasks
     of supplying resources and assimilating wastes, but in reality population effects
     vary widely due to vast regional differences in ecosystem characteristics. While
     large populations exert considerable stress on their ecosystems, small
     populations with high rates of consumption can eclipse the effect of larger
(10)  populations operating at lower rates of consumption. Per capita consumption of
     energy may exponentially exceed the physiological energy requirements of
     humans, requiring that both population and consumption be taken into account.
     Witkins thus ignores the corollary that the impact of population tends to be more
     significant on a national level than that of consumption adjusted population, but
(15)  on a global level, the opposite obtains.
选项 A、What accounts for the difference in rates of consumption in certain countries?
B、What is the numerical factor by which per capita energy consumption exceeds physiological energy requirements?
C、Which countries tend to have more sensitive ecosystems, those with small or large populations?
D、What factor in calculating sustainability has Witkins neglected to consider in his theory of global development?
E、What evidence is there for the notion that higher rates of consumption can be more important than population rates in calculating the impact of development?
答案 D
解析
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