TOEFL iBT Speaking. In this integrated speaking task, you will listen to part of

Listen to part of a talk given to university students who are majoring in the social sciences.
Researchers who want a complete picture of an organization use several methods that all come under the label "qualitative research." The goal of qualitative research is to document the processes as well as the products of an organization. The key tools of qualitative research are observation and interviewing. Interviewing people is an important way for researchers to check the accuracy of the impressions they gain through observation.
For example, an organization that might be investigated is a large, inner-city high school. The researcher would aim to portray the everyday experiences of the people who study and work at the school. The researcher would visit the school regularly over a long period of time. He would observe classrooms and try to describe everything that happens there. He would interview teachers, students, administrators, and support staff. The researcher might observe the learning experiences of the students and the social atmosphere of the school. He might observe the manner in which students and teachers react to others of different ethnic groups.
In qualitative research, the data collected is in the form of words and pictures rather than numbers. It includes detailed descriptions written by the researcher. In our example, it might include samples of student work and video recordings of classrooms and student-teacher conferences. There might be flowcharts illustrating the direction of comments made during class discussions. All of these would help the researcher to "paint a portrait" of the school.
Using points and examples from the talk, describe qualitative research, explaining some of the methods that researchers use.