首页
登录
职称英语
Early in the sixteenth century, Francis Bacon proposed that science consisted
Early in the sixteenth century, Francis Bacon proposed that science consisted
游客
2023-12-18
10
管理
问题
Early in the sixteenth century, Francis Bacon proposed that science consisted in the elevation of the authority of experiment and observation over that of reason, intuition, and convention. Bacon thought that as more and more reliable and precise particular facts accumulate, they can be classified and generalized, resulting in an ever-expanding hierarchy of useful "axioms". This is what he meant by "induction".
Although many people today continue to regard the collection of facts and their arrangement by induction into theories as the heart of scientific method, Bacon’s conception of what facts and theories are and of the relationship between them was hopelessly unrealistic even in his own time. The most important early scientific discoveries---such as those made by Galileo about the movement of the earth, by Keppler about the elliptical shape of planetary orbits, and later by Newton about the "force" of gravity--could never have been made if Bacon’s rules had prevailed.
Determined to avoid all premature speculations, Bacon proposed that data gathering be carried out by illiterate assistants with no interest in whether an experiment turned out one way or another. Plain facts, properly arranged, would automatically lead to certain knowledge of the universe. Nothing could be more misrepresentative of the actual problem-solving techniques of the scientific method. That plain facts do not speak for themselves is evident from Bacon’s own acceptance of the errors contained in what appeared to be the most "obvious’’ of facts. For Bacon, that the earth did not move was a fact because it could be seen not to move; and for Bacon it was a fact that life was being spontaneously generated because maggots always developed in putrid flesh and frogs appeared after every rain.
What is clear is that the great breakthroughs of Newton, Darwin, or Marx could never have been achieved solely on the basis of Baconian fact gathering. Facts are always unreliable without theories which guide their collection and which distinguish between superficial and significant appearances. [br] Data collection should be performed by illiterate assistants,______.
选项
A、according to Bacon, as it led to speculation
B、according to Bacon, to prevent theories from being formulated on insufficient data
C、was a notion Bacon strongly opposed
D、was a notion rejected on the grounds that it led to premature speculations
答案
B
解析
根据第三段全段,尤其是根据第一句话“Determined to avoid all premature speculations,Bacon proposed that data gathering be carried out by illiterate assistants with no interest in whether an experiment turned out one way or another”,就可以肯定[B]是正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.tihaiku.com/zcyy/3283558.html
相关试题推荐
Historicaldevelopmentsofthepasthalfcenturyandtheinventionofmodern
Historicaldevelopmentsofthepasthalfcenturyandtheinventionofmodern
A、FrancisBeaumontB、FrancisBaconC、BenJohnsonD、JohnLockeB
Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,aftertheirfirstrapiddevelopm
Everyprofessionortrade,everyart,andeverysciencehasitstechnicalvoc
Everyprofessionortrade,everyart,andeverysciencehasitstechnicalvoc
Everyprofessionortrade,everyart,andeverysciencehasitstechnicalvoc
Thescienceofwildlifemanagementisactuallyquitenew.Itisthethirdmaj
Intheeighteenthcentury,Japan’sfeudaloverlords,fromtheshoguntotheh
Intheeighteenthcentury,Japan’sfeudaloverlords,fromtheshoguntotheh
随机试题
SincetheTitanicvanishedbeneaththefrigidwatersoftheNorthAtlantic85
TheOfficialResidencesoftheSovereignandtheRoyalCollection
用于雇员评价的标准应该是什么样的标准?A.加权的、适用于特定项目的业绩评价 B
私募基金管理人应建立健全外包业务控制,并至少每年开展( )全面的外包业务风险评
以下哪一类寄生虫不属于致病医学原虫A.疟原虫B.溶组织内阿米巴C.布氏嗜碘阿米巴
屋顶是建筑物顶部起遮盖作用的围护构件,其构成不包括( )。A.屋面 B.承重
某药品的有效期为2002年4月5日,表明本品最迟可用至A.2002年4月4日
A.平均约11m B.平均约9cm C.平均约11.5cm D.平均约13
以下说法不正确的是()。A.法是包括了道德、习俗、礼仪等的社会规范 B
商业银行市场营销以()为中心。A.金融产品 B.价格 C.客户 D.利润
最新回复
(
0
)