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  3. Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on

Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on

游客2023-12-17  59
问题    Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didn’t they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.
   How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree? Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research. If you don’t have unpredictable things, you don’t have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history, is filled with examples of it.
   In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the "scientific method" a substitute for imaginative thought. I’ve attended research conferences where a scientist has been asked what he thinks about the advisability of continuing a certain experiment. The scientist has frowned, looked at the graphs, and said "The data are still inconclusive." "We know that," the men from the budget office have said, "but what do you think?" Is it worthwhile going on? What do you think we might expect?" The scientist has been shocked at having even been asked to speculate.
   What this amounts to, of course, is that the scientist has become the victim of his own writings. He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan is faithfully as the reports in file science journals medicate, then it is pertectly topical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while tile other eye is on the microscope. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd bails" among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who "work well with the team". [br] The author asserts that scientists ______.
选项 A、shouldn’t replace "scientific method" with imaginative thought
B、shouldn’t neglect to speculate on unpredictable things
C、should write more concise reports for technical journals
D、should be confident about their research findings
答案 B
解析 该题问：作者坚持认为科学家们应该怎样？从第二段第五、六句Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research. If you don’t have unpredictable things，you don’t have research中可知，B项表达内容与此一致。
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