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  3. "What is called human nature is really a reflection of the human condition:

"What is called human nature is really a reflection of the human condition:

游客2023-12-12  61
问题     "What is called human nature is really a reflection of the human condition: If all people had a reasonable share of territory and resources, such products of ’human nature’ as war and crime would be extremely rare." Do you agree to the statement above? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.
    In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.
    Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
选项
答案             War and Crime Cannot Be Erased When Equality Conies
    At first glance, it would appear to be a reasonable and correct statement that if every person in the world could share all of the world’s territory and resources on a reasonable basis, there would seem to be no need for crime or war or for that matter, any relational problems among human beings. To a certain extent, human nature probably is a reflection of the inequality of the human condition. But this would seem to exclude other aspects of human nature such as ethnocentricity and racism, religious conflicts and two of mankind’s greatest troublemakers: envy and greed
    Ethnocentricity is the natural favoritism of one’s own ethnic group over other ethnic groups wherein the individual cultural group’s values, norms and beliefs are seen as superior to all others. While not as overt as racism, it can still cause problems between members of different races or ethnic groups due to the fact that the person simply believes that his or her culture is better than another. Racism obviously causes problems in a similar but more open manner. The person that looks down upon another person simply because of his or her race is bound to cause problems any time he or she interacts with another race. Neither of these problems would disappear with the equal sharing of territory and resources.
    Religious conflicts would also not be excluded by the sharing of territory and resources. Throughout the ages, wars have been fought based almost purely on religious beliefs. The early Muslim holy wars or "jihads", the Christian Crusades and various other wars based almost entirely on a desire to convert the rest of the world to a particular religious faith have raged throughout history.
    Finally, mankind as a species too often suffers from the twin evils of envy and greed. Greed could probably be best defined as the desire to have more than you actually need. Envy can be defined as wanting something that someone else has, whether you need it or not. In a perfect world, an equal division among the world’s population of both territory and resources would solve these two problems. But humans are not perfect and not infallible. The saying "the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence" is popular for a reason.
    The human condition is part of what makes up human nature but it cannot be considered as the full cause of the various actions of human beings. History has shown that there are other motivations for war and crime that spring not only from an unequal division of territory and resources.
解析     如果说专四作文的命题还更多集中于与考生学习成长等相关问题的话，那么专八作文的要求无疑上升到了一个更高的层次，即要求考生就一些社会热点问题进行深度思考并抒发感想。本篇的命题即是如此，考生需要从社会学和人类学的角度进行思考，反思人类历史上种种纷争的原因。本篇作者行文中不但显示出扎实的文字功底，更反映出其深刻的思考能力以及对历史常识的较好把握。因此，考生在平时也应注重锻炼自己的逻辑思维能力，并提升自己对多学科的掌握程度。
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