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  3. (a)write short notes on the following: (i)CAMEL (ii)Market Risk Expo

(a)write short notes on the following: (i)CAMEL (ii)Market Risk Expo

游客2025-06-21  1
问题     (a)write short notes on the following:
    (i)CAMEL
    (ii)Market Risk Exposure
    (iii)STET
    (iv)Code of Banking Practice
    (b)What travel facilities do banks provide to their customers?
选项
答案 (a)(i)CAMEL
    CAMEL is an international recognized framework for assessing Capital adequacy, Asset quality, Management, Earnings and Liquidity.
    The rate is expressed in the scale of 1 to 5.
    Banks on Hongkong are required to submit reports to the HKMA regularly.
    (ii)Market Risk Exposures
    It is a new reporting framework on market risk which was introduced on 31 December 1996 and took legal effect on 31 December 1997.
    It was required for locally incorporated Authorized Institutions to measure and apply capital charges in respect of their market risks in addition to their credit risks under the capital adequacy regime.
    Its objective is to ensure that institutions are maintaining adequate capital to support the potential loss arising from fluctuations in market prices to which they are exposed, particularly those arising from their trading activities.
    Foreign banks operating through branches in Hongkong are not subject to the requirement.
    It aims to measure the risks pertaining to interest rate related instruments and equities in the trading book, and foreign exchange risk and commodities risk throughout the institution.
    Capital would be considered to be "adequate" if the adjusted capital adequacy ratio is above the statutory minimum capital adequacy ratio which has already been set for the institution in question.
    Institutions may adopt any one of the three methods for the measurement of market risk: the Basle standardized approach, the internal models approach and Capital Adequacy Directives.
    (iii)STET
    It refers to Submission Through Electronic Transmission.                  
    It is a system which enables banks to file their returns through electronic transmission.
    It was launched in December 1997 and greatly enhances efficient reporting by banks to the HKMA.
    (iv)Code of Banking Practice
    The Code sets out the minimum standards on a wide range of personal banking services.
    It was jointly issued by the Hongkong Association of Banks and the DTC Association, and became effective from 14 July, 1997.
    The code comprises five chapters. It covers the relationship between banks and customers, opening and operation of accounts and loans, card services, payment services and debt collection.
    All institutions will be expected to observe the Cede and the HKMA will monitor compliance as part of its regular supervision.
    The introduction of such a Cede will help promote good banking practices and a fair and transparent relationship between authorized institutions and their customers.               
    (b)a. travellers’ cheques
    b. remittance services
    c. demand drafts
    d. arrange telegraphic transfers and mail transfers
    e. travel insurance services through joint business with insurance companies
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