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  3. In science the meaning of the word "explain" suffers with civilization’s eve

In science the meaning of the word "explain" suffers with civilization’s eve

游客2025-05-07  36
问题     In science the meaning of the word "explain" suffers with civilization’s every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first speculated on the electrification of amber. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces "really" are. Electricity, Bertrand Russell says, "is not a thing, like St. Paul’s Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell. " Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that’s where they belong, and smoke goes up because that’s where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation. [br] Bertrand Russell’s notion about electricity is______.
选项 A、disapproved of by most modern scientists
B、in agreement with Aristotle’s theory of self-evident principles
C、in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward "how" things happen
D、in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward "why" things happen
答案 C
解析 推理题。要解答本题，需理解文中几个主要观点。Bertrand Rlassell认为：当我们已经解释了物质是如何带电的，在什么条件下它们带电后，我们就已经解释了所有应该解释的。因此Bertrand Russell的观点是科学应该解释事情是如何发生的，这一观点也是当代科学家同意的观点。文章提到Aristotle所持的理论是自明理论，其观点是科学应该解释为什么事情会发生，他的这种观点曾统治了西方自然科学领域2000多年，这种观点是现代科学家所不认同的。所以本题的正确答案是C选项。
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