2. 职称英语
  3. It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in

It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in

游客2025-04-26  30
问题     It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the author’s names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.
    No longer. The Internet and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it--is making access to scientific results a reality. The organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
    The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $ 7 billion and $ 11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2, 000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16, 000 journals.
    This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal rifles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers. [br] In the first paragraph, the author discusses ______ .
选项 A、the background information of journal editing.
B、the publication routine of laboratory reports.
C、the relations of authors with journal publishers.
D、the traditional process of journal publication.
答案 D
解析 第一段主要讲述了期刊出版的过程，即收稿、审稿、出版或弃用、版权和引用收费等步骤。B和 D好像都符合。仔细阅读全文可知，文章先讲述了期刊出版以前是怎样的，后来又是怎样的，注意文中的一个词“change”，D选项中“traditional”也强调了过去。因此选D选项较为合理。
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