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  3. The oldest adult human skull yet found belongs to the lowest grade of Homo e

The oldest adult human skull yet found belongs to the lowest grade of Homo e

游客2025-04-26  2
问题     The oldest adult human skull yet found belongs to the lowest grade of Homo erectus, and to the Australoid line. It is known as Pithecanthropus (Ape-Man) Number 4, because it was the fourth of its kind to be found. All four were unearthed in river banks in central Java. Number 4 is about 700,000 years old, and Numbers 1,2, and 3 between 600,000 and 500,000. We know this because tektites--small, glassy nodules from outer space--were found in the same beds as the first three, and the beds containing Number 4 lay underneath the tektite bed, along with the bones of a more ancient group of animals. These tektites have been picked up in large numbers in Java, the Philippines, and Australia, where they all fell in a single celestial shower. Their age--approximately 600,000 years--has been accurately measured in several laboratories by nuclear chemical analysis, through the so-called argon-potassium method.
    Pithecanthropus Number 4 consists of the back part of a skull and its lower face, palate, and upper teeth. As reconstructed by Weidenreich, it is a brutal-looking skull, with heavy crests behind for powerful neck muscle attachments, a large palate, and large teeth, as in apes. The brain size of this skull was about 900 cubic centimeters; modern human brains range from about 1,000 to 2,000 cc with an average of about 1,450 cc. The brains of apes and Australopithecines are about 350 to 650 cc. So Pithecanthropus Number 4 was intermediate in brain size between apes and living men.
    His fragmentary skull was not the only find made in the beds it lay in. Nearby were found the cranial vault of a two-year-old baby, already different from those of living infants, and a piece of chinless adult lower jaw. Two other jaws have been discovered in the same deposits which were much larger than any in the world certainly belonged to a Homo erectus. They are called Meganthropus (Big Man) and may have belonged to a local kind of Australopithecine, but this is not certain, If so, Homo erectus coexisted with, or overlapped, the Anstralopithecines in Java as well as in South Africa, which implies that man did not originate in either place, but somewhere in between. [br] We may conclude from the data about the brain size of the skulls of Pithecanthropus Numbers 1,2,3 and 4 and modem human brains that ______.
选项 A、modem man is larger
B、modern man is smaller
C、modern man is less brutal-looking
D、Pithecanthropus Number l’s brain size was more than an Australopithecine’s
答案 D
解析 我们可以根据1、2、3、4号猿人的头盖骨部分大脑的尺寸和现代人大脑的尺寸的数据得出结论：1号猿人大脑的尺寸比南方猿人的大脑尺寸要大。第二段提到了4号猿人的大脑尺寸，它大约是900立方厘米，而1号猿人和4号猿人属于同一种类。因此，可以知道1号猿人的大脑尺寸也大约是900立方厘米。猿人和南方古猿的大脑尺寸大约是350到650立方厘米，因此1号猿人的大脑尺寸要比南方古猿的大脑尺寸要大。
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