2. 职称英语
  3. In the late 20th century, information has acquired two major utilitarian conn

In the late 20th century, information has acquired two major utilitarian conn

游客2025-04-24  29
问题    In the late 20th century, information has acquired two major utilitarian connotations. On the one hand, it is considered an economic resource, somewhat on par with other resources such as labor, material, and capital. This view stems from evidence that the possession, manipulation, and use of information can increase the cost-effectiveness of many physical and cognitive processes. The rise in information-processing activities in industrial manufacturing as well as in human problem solving has been remarkable. Analysis of one of the three traditional divisions of the economy, the service sector, shows a sharp increase in information-intensive activities since the beginning of the 20th century. By 1975 these activities accounted for half of the labor force of the United States, giving rise to the so-called information society.
   As an individual and societal resource, information has some interesting characteristics that separate it from the traditional notions of economic resources. Unlike other resources, information is expansive, with limits apparently imposed only by time and human cognitive capabilities. Its expansiveness is attributable to the following (1) it is naturally diffusive; (2) it reproduces rather than being consumed through use; and (3) it can be shared only, not exchanged in transactions. At the same time, information is compressible, both syntactically and semantically.
   The second perception of information is that it is an economic commodity, which helps to stimulate the worldwide growth of a new segment of national economies -- the information service sector. Taking advantage of the properties of information and building on the perception of its individual and societal utility and value, this sector provides a broad range of information products and services. By 1992 the market share of the U.S. information service sector had grown to about $25 billion. This was equivalent to about one-seventh of the country’s computer market, which in turn represented roughly 40 percent of the global market in computers in that year. However, the probable convergence of computers and television (which constitutes a market share 100 times larger than computers) and its impact on information services, entertainment, and education are likely to restructure the respective market shares of the information industry before the onset of the 21 st century. [br] The characteristics of information are______those of those economic resources.
选项 A、same with
B、different from
C、contrary to
D、opposite to
答案 B
解析 根据文章第二段前两句“As an individual and societal resource．information has some interesting characteristics that separate it from the traditional notions of economic resources． Unlike other resources，information is expansive，with limits apparently imposed only by time and human cognitive capabilities．”可知，作为一种个人资源或社会资源，信息具有一些有趣的特 点区别于经济资源的传统概念。与其他资源不同，信息是极其广阔的，只受时间和人类认知 能力的限制。所以，作者的措辞应该是“区别、不同(differentfrom)”而非“contraryto(形 成强烈对比)”，亦非“opposite to(相对、对抗)”。据此判断，答案是B。
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