If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006

游客2025-04-21 50

问题 If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk elite soccer are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.
What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills, b) winter-born bathes tend to have higher oxygen capacity which increases soccer stamina, c) soccer mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime at the annual peak of soccer mania, d) none of the above.
Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in "none of the above." Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment nearly years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. "With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training his digit span had risen from 7 to 20," Ericsson recalls."He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers."
This success coupled with later research showing that memory itself as not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize those differences are swamped by how well each person "encodes" the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.
Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just predominance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own lavatory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming are nearly always made, not born. [br] Ericsson and his colleagues believe that____.

选项 A、talent is a dominating factor for professional success
B、biographical data provide the key to excellent performance
C、the role of talent tends to be overlooked
D、high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture

答案 D

解析细节题，题干中的"Ericsson and his colleagues believe"表明本题是观点细节题。本题考查考生对文章最后一段内容的理解。题干中的信号词是"Ericsson and his colleagues”。出自文章最后一段。文章最后一段介绍了埃里克森和他的同事有关成绩优秀者的研究，指出，他们的研究得出了一个非常令人惊奇的结论——成绩优秀者几乎总是培养的，不是天生的。D为正确选项。A和C与文意相反；B与最后一段第二句的意思不符。

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