2. 职称英语
  3. 世界人口突破70亿，地球资源日益减少，人们忧心忡忡。中国宣称从1976年计划生育政策实施以来，中国已有效控制了出生率。 如果没有计划生育，中国这

世界人口突破70亿，地球资源日益减少，人们忧心忡忡。中国宣称从1976年计划生育政策实施以来，中国已有效控制了出生率。 如果没有计划生育，中国这

游客2025-04-19  16
问题     世界人口突破70亿，地球资源日益减少，人们忧心忡忡。中国宣称从1976年计划生育政策实施以来，中国已有效控制了出生率。
    如果没有计划生育，中国这个人口最多的国家就会多出几千万的人口。事实上，没有一个国家像中国这样大力度地、大规模地执行这项政策。据第六次人口普查报告，中国现在有13．7亿人口。不过，西方社会学家和经济学家一直警告说，再过三十年，中国将成为世界上唯一的在没有进入发达社会之前就面临老龄社会的发展中国家。
    和欧洲相比，中国面临老龄化危机的进度更快。五年后，中国60岁以上的人口将从现在1．78亿增长到2．21亿。到2050年，中国四分之一的人口将超过65岁。60岁以上的人口半数是孤居老人，这一点是以前不曾想象的，要知道，以前中国人可是四代同堂。现在一个孩子要负担父母两人和祖辈四人，这个倒金子塔对每个人来说都是挑战。越来越多的人移居到城市工作，大城市面临更大的压力，而中小型城市缺乏足够的企业提供足够的就业机会。
    1962年到1972年这十年间出生的中国人退休后，这种压力会更大。这十年间平均每年有3千万婴儿出生，现在每年却只有6百万到7百万婴儿出生。国家人口和计划生育委员会没有放开长期的计划生育政策，因为人口过多仍然是中国社会和经济发展面临的主要挑战之一。
选项
答案     The world population will reach 7 billion, while the resources on the earth are consistently decreasing. People are deeply worried about it. Since China issued the "one-child" policy in 1976, China has already effectively controlled birthrate.
    If China had not carried out this policy, China, which has the largest population in the world, would have more than tens of millions of population. In fact, no other countries exert as great efforts to implement this policy widely as China has. According to the 6th Population Census, China has 1.37 billion’s population. However, the western sociologists and economists always give a warning that China will be the only developing country that faces an aging problem before becoming an advanced country in 30 years.
    Comparing to European countries, China’s aging population increases more rapidly. Five years later, the population over 60 years’ old will increase to 221 million from 178 million. Till 2050, a quarter of the Chinese population will exceed 65 years old. It has never been expected that half of the population aed over 60 are living alone. It was common in China that four generations were living under the roof. At present, the only child needs to support four elders — his or her parents and grandparents. This inverted pyramid is a challenge to everyone. With more and more people migrating to urban areas to earn money, big cities face more pressure while small and medium-sized cities do not have enough enterprises to offer more job opportunities.
    If the Chinese people retire who were born from 1962 to 1972, the pressure of labor supply would become greater. In that decade, 30 million babies were born every year, while only 6 to 7 million babies are born every year now. However, the National Health and Family Planning Commission has not loosen the long-term one-child policy, because overpopulation is still one of the challenges that the Chinese society and economy is facing.
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