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  3. The roles of admission into the world economy not only reflect little awaren

The roles of admission into the world economy not only reflect little awaren

游客2025-04-16  26
问题     The roles of admission into the world economy not only reflect little awareness of developing priorities, they are often completely unrelated to sensible economic principles. For instance,WTO agreements on anti-dumping,subsidies and countervailing measures,agriculture,textiles,and trade-related intellectual property rights lack any economic rationale beyond the mercantilist interest of a narrow set of powerful groups in advanced industrial countries. Bilateral and regional trade agreements are typically far worse,as they impose even tighter prerequisites on developing countries in return for crumbs of enhanced "market access." For example,the African Growth and Opportunity Act signed by U.S. President Clinton in May 2000 provides increased access to the U.S. market only if African apparel manufacturers use U.S. -produced fabric and yarns. This restriction severely limits the potential economic spillover in African countries.
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答案     世界经济的管理秩序不仅反映出对发展优先顺序的一无所知，而且往往与合理的经济原则全然不符。比如说，《世界贸易组织》关于反倾销、补贴与反补贴措施、农业、纺织品以及与贸易有关的知识产权协定都缺乏经济的基本理论依据，纯粹是为了维护发达工业国家少数的贸易集团的利益。双边和地区贸易协定表现得尤为突出，因为为了拓宽市场准入途径，发展中国家往往被迫接受一些更为严苛的前提条件。例如美国总统克林顿于2000年5月签署的《非洲增长与机遇法案》，虽然放宽了非洲服装制造商面向美国的服装出口条件，但前提是他们必须使用美国生产的布料和纱线。这个限定大大限制了法案在非洲各国可能产生的经济影响。
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