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  3. Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats

Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats

游客2025-04-06  38
问题     Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human beings. Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associated with tropical rain-forest habitats. Relatively little has been said, however, about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are comparable to rain forests in terms of richness of life.
    An alien exploring the Earth would probably give priority to the planet’s dominant, most distinctive feature—the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues. Seen from far away, it is easy to realize that landmasses occupy one-third of the Earth’s surface. Given that two-thirds of the Earth’s surface is water and that marine life lives at all levels of the ocean, the total three-dimensional living space of the ocean is perhaps 100 times greater than that of land and contains more than 90 percent of all life on Earth even though the ocean has fewer distinct species.
    The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world’s rain forests does not seem surprising, considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of species. One scientist found many different species of ants in just one tree from a rain forest. While every species is different from every other species, their genetic makeup constrains them to be insects and to share similar characteristics with 750 000 species of insects. If basic, broad categories such as phyla and classes are given more emphasis than differentiating between species, then the greatest diversity of life is unquestionably the sea. Nearly every major type of plant and animal has some representation there.
    To appreciate fully the diversity of abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small. Every spoonful of ocean water contains life on the order of 100 to 100 000 bacterial cells plus assorted microscopic plants and animals, including larva’s or organisms ranging from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and much more. [br] The author argues that there is more diversity of life in the sea than in the rain forest because______.
选项 A、there are too many insects to make meaningful distinctions
B、more phyla and classes of life are represented in the sea
C、many insect species are too small to divide into categories
D、marine life-forms reproduce at a faster pace
答案 B
解析 作者认为，海洋中生物的多样性超过了雨林，因为有更多生物的家族谱系和纲呈现在海洋之中。根据第三段末尾，如果更强调基本的和主要的物种，如生物的谱系和纲，而不对它们进行区分，那么生命的多样性毫无疑问存在于海洋之中，几乎每一种主要的动物和植物都在海洋中有所体现。
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