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The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countr

游客2025-04-02  20
问题     The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.
    Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U. S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor U. S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U. S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts as a result of the training that U. S. workers received on the job.
    More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.
    What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10, 000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.
    As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is. [br] The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged______
选项 A、when people had enough time.
B、prior to better ways of finding food.
C、when people on longer went hungry.
D、as a result of pressure on government.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。最后一句话明确指出：只有当人们有了更高产的获得食物的方式时，人们才有时间做其他事情。但是本选项只是表面现象，而没有指出教育产生的实质。依据文章倒数第二段的最后两句可知，作者举出了我们祖先的例子是来论证本段第二和第三句话的内容，即教育与经济发展的真正关系：持续的经济发展可以促进教育的发展。因此我们选择C．虽然例子中谈到了时间，但没有时间是什么造成的呢?是需要花时间去找猎物来填饱肚子而没了受教育的时间，只有是否饿肚子和经济发展逻辑上相关，故选C。
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