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  3. During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could

During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could

游客2025-04-02  19
问题     During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realties. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.
    In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of theirs new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachuted they once had in times of financial setback — a back-up earner(usually Mom)who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This " added-worker effect" could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.
    During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen — and newly fashionable health-saving plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent — and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance — have jumped eightfold in just one generation.
    From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind. [br] According to the author, health-savings plans will______.
选项 A、help reduce the cost of healthcare
B、popularize among the middle class
C、compensate for the reduced pensions
D、increase the families’ investment risk
答案 D
解析 细节题。选项A．“有利于减少健康护理的成本”属于对词义的曲解，文中saving指的是“储蓄账户”，而非“减少成本”的概念；选项B． “在中产阶级中非常普及”这一信息在文中未提及；原文第三段第三句中“their guaranteed payments for paymentsdepending on investment returns”既然取决于投资，那么肯定是具有不确定性的，因此与选项C．“补偿减少的养老金”意义相反；而选项D．“增加了家庭投资的不确定性”是原文的同义替换。故正确答案为D。
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