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  3. Scientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing milli

Scientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing milli

游客2025-04-02  12
问题     Scientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black hotels gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough. Scientists say this uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star’s life, as it veered towards a supermassive black hole.
    When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.
    The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and found that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. "There will be an explosion of the star — it will be completely destroyed," Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the star’s matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the star’s matter out of the black hole’s reach, he says.
    The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart, its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.
    If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Hatpern of Columbia University in New York, US2. " It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough," he says. Brassart agrees. " Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays, but it’s something that needs to be more studied," he says. Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, US3, says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate, and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case that they explode in the process. [br] What will happen several months after the explosion of the star?
选项 A、The star’s matter will move further away from by the black hole.
B、The black hole’s matter will heat up.
C、The torn star’s matter will swirl into the black hole.
D、The black hole’s matter will release ultraviolet light and X-rays.
答案 C
解析 定位第五段第二句话“it is thought…its matter…itself”可知，在爆炸将行星分崩离析，几个月后构成星体的物质开始旋转进入黑洞。与答案C相同。
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