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  3. The first edition of Thomas Kuhn’s "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions"

The first edition of Thomas Kuhn’s "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions"

游客2025-03-31  22
问题    The first edition of Thomas Kuhn’s "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" appeared in 1962. 【T1】His vision revolutionized the way we think about science, and it has given us a new way to look at change in " science" itself. 【T2】Whereas previous visions of science saw science as an accumulation of all that had been learned over history, Kuhn envisioned science as having, at any one time, a worldview, or " paradigm (范式) " , of its environment.
   Kuhn(库恩) postulated that most scientists engage in "normal science" that often results in solid, but relatively incremental gains, which nevertheless accumulate and collectively contribute to move research and subsequent scientific knowledge forward. When anomalies arise, some individual(s) step out of the paradigm, and propose a new principle or law. 【T3】If the scientific community accepts the proposed change, then science experiences a " paradigm shift" , and new science proceeds from that new paradigm.
   Paradigm shifts are important, and a necessary part of life. Things do change, and we have to adjust and adapt to that change. Perhaps not surprisingly, important paradigm shifts often come from the young. 【T4】It usually takes a long time to effect a paradigm shift—often as much as 20-25 years—which, perhaps not so coincidently, is about the life of a generation.
   【T5】A relatively recent white paper emanating from MIT justifiably argues that the intersections of arrays of scientists, engineers, mathematicians, as well as individuals with a host of many other professional talents, will be the next Kuhnian scientific revolution and in fact, the " Third" biomedical revolution. This new revolution is broadly known as Convergence. [br] 【T3】
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答案 如果科学界认可了所提出的变化，那么科学就将经历“范式转移”，而新的科学将按照新的范式向前发展。
解析 该句的“If…，then…，and…”的结构可以译成“如果……，那么……，而……。”
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