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  3. Learning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all

Learning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all

游客2025-03-21  23
问题     Learning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children. Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.
    Since about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better. Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things. There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.
    You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability. There is no outward sign of the disorder. So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.
    In one study, researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person, who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things. One involved cells in the left side of the brain, which control language. These cells normally are white. In the learning-disabled person, however, these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together.
    The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind, an early expert on learning disabilities. Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally. Probably, he said, nerve cells there did not connect as they should. So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.
    Other researchers did not examine brain tissue. Instead, they measured the brain’s electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals.
    Frank Duffy experimented with this technique at Children’s Hospital Medical Center in Boston. Doctor Duffy found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems. The differences appeared throughout the brain. Doctor Duffy said his research is evidence that reading disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain, not just the left side. [br] According to the passage, we can conclude that further researches should be made______.
选项 A、to investigate possible influences on brain development and organization
B、to study how children learn to read and write, and use numbers
C、to help learning-disabled children to develop their intelligence
D、to explore how the left side of the brain functions in language learning
答案 A
解析 这是一道推断题。问根据文章我们可以得出结论，我们应该在哪方面做进一步的研究。文章并没有提到下一步研究者应该做哪些方面的工作。但是，戈士温德医生和杜菲医生都发现，学习有缺陷的儿童存在大脑发育问题，脑细胞的组合方式与正常人的不一样。由此可以推断，他们下一步的工作应该是找出产生这一差别的原因，为儿童大脑的正常发育提供正常的条件。因此，本题的正确答案应是A“找出可能影响大脑的发育和结构的原因”。
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