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  3. People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors a

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors a

游客2025-03-19  12
问题     People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
    Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often referred to as "nature/nurture".
    Two who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
    Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
    Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. [br] Which of the following statements would proponents of the "nurture" theory agree with?
选项 A、Environment has little to do with behavior.
B、Behaviorist theory is not correct.
C、Biologically based instincts are important in how we act.
D、A person’s character is greatly influenced by his environment.
答案 D
解析 本题问支持教养论的人会认同以下哪个观点。文章第四段指出，支持教养论的人，即行为主义学家认为环境对决定人的行为比人基于生物的本能所起的作用更大。行为主义学家B．F．斯金纳认为人类的行为几乎完全由他周围的环境决定。因此，本题的正确答案应选D。
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