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  3. The function of capital markets is to facilitate an exchange of funds among

The function of capital markets is to facilitate an exchange of funds among

游客2025-02-26  22
问题     The function of capital markets is to facilitate an exchange of funds among all participants, andyet in practice we find that certain participants are not on a par with others. Members of societyhave varying degrees of market strength in terms of information they bring to a transaction, aswell as of purchasing power and creditworthiness, as defined by lenders.
    For example, within minority communities, capital markets do not properly fulfill their functions;they do not provide access to the aggregate flow of funds in the United States. The financialsystem does not generate the credit or investment vehicles needed for underwriting economicdevelopment in minority areas. The problem underlying this dysfunction is found in a rationingmechanism affecting both the available alternatives for investment and the amount of financialresources. This creates a distributive mechanism penalizing members of minority groups becauseof their socioeconomic differences from others. The existing system expresses definite sociallybased investment preferences that result from the previous allocation of income and that influencethe allocation of resources for the present and future. The system tends to increase the inequalityof income distribution. And, in the United States economy, a greater inequality of incomedistribution leads to a greater concentration of capital in certain types of investment.
    Most traditional financial-market analysis studies ignore financial markets’ deficiencies inallocation because of analysts’ inherent preferences for the simple model of perfect competition.Conventional financial analysis pays limited attention to issues of market structure and dynamics,relative costs of information, and problems of income distribution. Market participants are viewedas acting as entirely independent and homogeneous individuals with perfect foresight aboutcapital-market behavior. Also, it is assumed that each individual in the community at large has thesame access to the market and the same opportunity to transact and to express the preferenceappropriate to his or her individual interest. Moreover, it is assumed that transaction costs forvarious types of financial instruments (stocks, bonds, etc.) are equally known and equally dividedamong all community members.
选项 A、financial markets provide for an optimum allocation of resources among all competing participants by balancing supply and demand
B、the allocation of financial resources takes place among separate individual participants, each of whom has access to the market
C、the existence of certain factors adversely affecting members of minority groups shows that financial markets do not function as conventional theory says they function
D、investments in minority communities can be made by the use of various alternative financial instruments, such as stocks and bonds
E、since transaction costs for stocks, bonds, and other other financial instruments are not equally apportioned among all minority-group members, the financail market is subject to criticism
答案 C
解析 This question asks you to identify the main point that is conveyed by the passage. C is the best answer. The overarching message of the passage is that certain factors affecting minority communities are essentially ignored in conventional financial-market analyses. Choice A is not correct because the passage does not discuss issues of supply and demand. Both B and D present a general claim about issues mentioned in the passage, but neither statement expresses the main point of the passage. Choice E can be eliminated because while the passage does criticize certain aspects of the financial market, it is chiefly concerned with differences between minority and non-minority communities, not with any differences among minority-group members.
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