首页
登录
职称英语
Anthropologists once thought that the ancestors of modern humans began to walk u
Anthropologists once thought that the ancestors of modern humans began to walk u
游客
2025-02-24
36
管理
问题
Anthropologists once thought that the ancestors of modern humans began to walk upright because it freed their hands to use stone tools, which they had begun to make as the species evolved a brain of increased size and mental capacity. But discoveries of the three-million-year-old fossilized remains of our hominid ancestor Australopithecus have yielded substantial anatomical evidence that upright walking appeared prior to the dramatic enlargement of the brain and the development of stone tools.
Walking on two legs in an upright posture (bipedal locomotion) is a less efficient proposition than walking on all fours (quadrupedal locomotion) because several muscle groups that the quadruped uses for propulsion must instead be adapted to provide the biped with stability and control. The shape and configuration of various bones must likewise be modified to allow the muscles to perform these functions in upright walking. Reconstruction of the pelvis (hipbones) and femur (thighbone) of "Lucy," a three-million-year-old skeleton that is the most complete fossilized skeleton from the Australopithecine era, has shown that they are much more like the corresponding bones of the modern human than like those of the most closely related living primate, the quadrupedal chimpanzee. Lucy’s wide, shallow pelvis is actually better suited to bipedal walking than is the rounder, bowl-like pelvis of the modern human, which evolved to form the larger birth canal needed to accommodate the head of a large-brained human infant. By contrast, the head of Lucy’s baby could have been no larger than that of a baby chimpanzee.
If the small-brained australopithecines were not toolmakers, what evolutionary advantage did they gain by walking upright? One theory is that bipedality evolved in conjunction with the nuclear family: monogamous parents cooperating to care for their offspring. Walking upright permitted the father to use his hands to gather food and carry it to his mate from a distance, allowing the mother to devote more time and energy to nurturing and protecting their children. According to this view, the transition to bipedal walking may have occurred as long as ten million years ago, at the time of the earliest hominids, making it a crucial initiating event in human evolution. [br] The passage suggests that proponents of the theory mentioned in lines 35-38 assume that which of the following steps in human evolution occurred most recently?
选项
A、Development of a nuclear family structure
B、Transition from walking on all fours to walking upright
C、Dramatic enlargement of the brain
D、Use of the hands to gather and carry food
E、Modification of propulsive muscles to provide stability and control in locomotion
答案
C
解析
The passage states that fossilized remains provide anatomical evidence that upright walking, which required a modification of propulsive muscles to provide stability and control in locomotion, occurred before the dramatic enlargement of the brain.
Proponents of the theory mentioned in lines 35-38 argue that walking upright may have evolved alongside the nuclear family structure because it allowed for cooperative caring for infants, which would have required the use of hands to gather and carry food. Thus, the dramatic enlargement of the brain was the most recent of the developments listed among the answer options.
A Proponents of the theory mentioned in lines 35-38 hold that the dramatic enlargement of the brain occurred more recently than the development of walking upright, which happened alongside the development of a nuclear family structure.
B Proponents of the theory mentioned in lines 35-38 hold that the dramatic enlargement of the brain occurred more recently than the transition from walking on all fours to walking upright.
C Correct. Proponents of the theory
mentioned in lines 35-38 hold that the dramatic enlargement of the brain was the most recent of these developments to occur.
D Proponents of the theory mentioned in lines 35-38 hold that the dramatic enlargement of the brain occurred more recently than the use of hands to gather and carry food,
which occurred alongside the development of walking upright.
E Proponents of the theory mentioned in lines 35-38 hold that the dramatic enlargement of the brain occurred more recently than the modification of propulsive muscles to provide stability and control in locomotion, which is a key factor in the development of walking upright.
The correct answer is C.
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.tihaiku.com/zcyy/3971510.html
相关试题推荐
Anthropologistsoncethoughtthattheancestorsofmodernhumansbegantowalku
Anthropologistsoncethoughtthattheancestorsofmodernhumansbegantowalku
Archaeologistshavelongthoughtthatanartifactcalledthepemchintwasusedb
Feministcriticshaveoftenponderedwhetherapostmodernlanguagemay
A、thestudyofmodernIndiansocietiesB、thestudyofclimatologicalrecordsC、t
Themonarchandhisfollowersthoughtofthecourtas______howthekingdomoug
ARTLESSNESS:A、impartialityB、forethoughtC、slynessD、innovationE、bitternessC
Scientistshaveacknowledgedthattointerpretananimal’sthoughtprocessesin
Wenowknowthathumanshaveevolvednottosubsistonasingle,Paleolithicdie
Feministcriticshaveoftenponderedwhetherapostmodernlanguagema
随机试题
Somestudentsarenotadequatelypreparedforcollege.Shouldweturnthema
Alcoholhasapeculiarrelationshiptohappiness.Wedrinktocelebrate,but
工程建设质量保证体系由( )组成。A.思想保证体系 B.组织保证体系 C.
承包人的质量保证体系组成包括思想控制子体系、组织控制子体系和( )控制子体系。
根据《电子信息系统机房设计规范GB50174-2008》,关于人流、物流及出入
学校教育中,全面实现教育目的的基本途径是()A.教学工作 B.德育教育 C
A.丙戊酸钠 B.乙琥胺 C.苯妥英钠 D.硝西泮 E.地西泮治疗癫痫持
凡规定检查溶出度、释放度或融变时限的制剂,不再检查A.重量差异 B.装量差异
在线监测系统的传感器布置应满足于()覆盖所监测的设备,位置分布不得影响局部
(2019年真题)根据《建设工程安全生产管理条例》,关于建设工程安全的说法,正确
最新回复
(
0
)