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In this video, we’ll take a quick look at what’s currently known about the 2019 Novel Coronavirus. Keep in mind that this is a new virus and what’s known about the virus now might change in the future.
    Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses. They consist of a core of genetic material surrounded by an envelope with protein spikes. This gives it the appearance of a crown. Crown in Latin is called "corona" and that’s how these viruses get their name.
    There are different types of coronaviruses that cause respiratory and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms. Respiratory disease can range from the common cold to pneumonia. And in most people, the symptoms tend to be mild. However, there are some types of coronaviruses that can cause severe disease. These include the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus.
    So, where did the virus come from?
    It’s known that coronaviruses circulate in a range of animals. Sometimes these viruses can make the jump from animals to humans. This is called a spillover and could be due to a range of factors such as mutations in the virus or increased contact between humans and animals. For example, MERS-CoV is known to be transmitted from camels and SARS-CoV, from civet cats. The animal reservoir of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus is not known yet.
    How is it transmitted?
    The exact dynamics of how the virus is transmitted is yet to be determined. In general, respiratory viruses are usually transmitted through droplets created when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or through something that has been contaminated with the virus.
    People most at risk of infection from the Novel Coronavirus are those in close contact with animals, such as live animal market workers, and those who are caring for people infected with the virus, such as family members or healthcare workers.
    So, how does the disease present?
    Well, from what is known so far, there can be a number of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. There can be fever and respiratory symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath. In more severe cases, there’s been pneumonia, kidney failure, and death. The mortality rate is not known yet.
    How can we tell whether someone is infected?
    The infection can be diagnosed by a test called PCR or Polymerase Chain Reaction. This test identifies the virus based on its genetic fingerprint. There is currently no specific medication for the virus, but treatment and vaccines are in development.
    How do we prevent transmission of the virus?
    There are a number of standard hygiene practices that have been recommended to protect against infection and further spread. These include covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing with a medical mask, tissue or flexed elbow; avoiding close contact with those who are unwell; the appropriate use of masks and personal protective equipment, especially in a healthcare setting; washing hands regularly with soap and water, or alcohol-based hand rub. Actions that can be taken to prevent infection from an animal source include: avoiding unnecessary unprotected contact with animals; washing hands after contact with animals or animal products; and ensuring that animal products are cooked thoroughly before they’re consumed.
    It’s important to stay home if you’re feeling unwell. But if you have a fever, cough, anddifficulty breathing, seek medical care early and share your previous travel history with your healthcare provider.
    That’s a quick look at this emerging infectious disease. Given that this outbreak is evolving rapidly, what’s known about this virus can change. Please check the websites below for the most up-to-date information.