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  3. One century ago, in the year before Freud and Jung’s famous visit here,Amer

One century ago, in the year before Freud and Jung’s famous visit here,Amer

游客2024-12-26  16
问题     One century ago, in the year before Freud and Jung’s famous visit here,
American psychiatry was in crisis. There had been hope to treatments like (1)______
hydrotherapy and electric stimulation, along with asylum care, but cure rates
had proved disappointed. Meanwhile, psychologists had a sense that social (2)______
pressures, including a trend toward later marriage, were causing illness rates (3)______
to rise. That’s why there was growing enthusiasm for psychotherapies, espe
cially those involved the revelation of repressed sexual drives. This cutting- (4)______
edge treatment—medical, as opposed to already popular religion-based
psychotherapies—was not well-developed and widely available, but its (5)______
principles were understood at the leading centers. For fifty years, psy
chiatry moved on to this track—the elaboration of Freudian principles. (6)______
We accept the premise that the active elements in therapy are "general" (7)
ones, like the rapport between patient and doctor, then it is little reason (8)______
to believe that what we offer today is more effective than what patients
receive in the first half of the last century. Psychoanalysis, in imitation of (9)______
its founder, became rigid and authoritarian. In response, variant treatments
flourished, including ones that found a room for empathy from the thera- (10)______
pist, rather than emotional withholding. By the 1970’s, researchers counted
hundreds of distinct schools of psychotherapy. I loved those middle years—
loved to collect odd therapies and stitch their methods into my work. [br] (5)
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