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  3. It is generally believed that the greatest damage of old age is the loss of

It is generally believed that the greatest damage of old age is the loss of

游客2024-10-22  49
问题      It is generally believed that the greatest damage of old age is the loss of mental faculties. With the near doubling of life expectancy in the past century has come a mixed blessing. A few great thinkers and artists remained productive in their later years—Galileo, Monet, Shaw, Stravinsky, Tolstoy—but even they were not what they bad been in their primes. In sciences, the boom falls sooner still: "A person who has not made his great contribution to science before the age of 30 will never do so," said Einstein.
     Imagine if we could transplant old brains into younger bodies: would our minds stay young, or would we be senile teenagers, scaling mountains and skateboarding at 120, but forgetting where we put the car’s keys. Is the brain uniquely vulnerable to the ravages of time? Can anything be done?
     Indisputable evidence from many studies shows that a higher level of education and greater mental activity throughout life correlated with lower cognitive losses in old age. These benefits apply to all sons of cognitive losses, including those associated with dementia. Some researchers believe that mental application in early life produces complex neural connections that provide a reserve later on; others argue that education merely gives people the means to cope with and compensate for their losses.
     K. Warner Shay, a professor of human development and psychology at Pennsylvania State University, has studied age-related change in more than 5,000 people, some for more than 40 years. Comparing earlier with later recruits, Mr. Shay concludes that the rate of mental decline is slowing, a change he attributes to better education, healthier diet, lessened exposure to serious disease, and more mental activity. "You’ve got to practise," Mr. Shay says. "If you don’t solve problems, you no longer can solve problems." Retirement can be particularly hard, he adds, because for many people, work is their most challenging activity. "Retirement is good for people who’ve had routine jobs—they may find something more stimulating. But it’s disadvantageous for people in high-level jobs, who are less likely to find something as stimulating as the job they had."
     K. Anders Ericsson, a psychology professor at Florida State University, confirms Mr. Shay’s emphasis on the virtue of practice. Initially interested in expert performance like musicians, he found that many geniuses aren’t really so different from everyone else—they just practise harder and longer, benefiting from sheer labor, rather than from some special gift. Professional musicians who continue to practise assiduously as they age continue to play well, while amateurs who just play for pleasure show age-related declines.
     Mr. Ericsson’s studies failed to show significant generalized fitness from mental exercise. If you play tennis, you improve your general fitness, but the greatest improvement is specific to tennis, not to other sports. It’s the same with cognitive exercise. You have to look at your life and pick what you want to improve. [br] Throughout this text the author mainly intends to ______.
选项 A、underline the difficulties directly related to aging
B、argue that old age need not be a barrier to success
C、comment on different theories of mental decline in old age
D、state how people can counter the impact of aging on mental faculties
答案 C
解析 主旨题。作者先提出年老会带来智力衰退，然后引用了几位科学家的研究报告和观点来说明老年脑力和认知能力衰退的情况，以及教育背景与从事的工作对智力衰退的影响，所以选项C 合乎题意。选项A 老年化所带来的困难，话题太大了；选项B 与本文论证相反，第一段第三句话虽然说几位学者老年时也有成就，但指出远远不如在年富力强时的成就之大。作者只是提供了几种不同的观点，并没把重心放在如何解决老年化的问题上，故排除选项D 。
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