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  3. People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors a

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors a

游客2024-10-04  29
问题     People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
    Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of question. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as "nature/nurture".
    Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
    Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
    The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leads some "nature" proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
    Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. [br] The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem
选项 A、why our personalities and behaviors differ.
B、what makes different stages of intelligence.
C、how social scientists form different theories.
D、what causes the "nature/nurture" controversy.
答案 A
解析 第1段首句指出作者要讨论的问题，第2段开始从两个方面解释该问题，最后一段是总结段，由此看来，第1段首句和最后一段首句提到的human behavior是本文的中心内容，因此A为本题答案。虽然文章第1段第2句就提到intelligent一词，但该句的intelligent，cooperative，competitive等都只是举例说明首句有关personalities和behaviors的问题，由此可见，B并非本文主旨；作者提到两种理论是为了解释性格和行为形成的原因，并非讨论这两种理论形成的原因，因此C、D两项均不正确。
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