Humanity’s primal efforts to systematize the concepts of size, shapes, and n

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问题 Humanity’s primal efforts to systematize the concepts of size, shapes, and number are usually regarded as the earliest mathematics. However, the concept of number and the counting process developed so long【C1】______the time of recorded history (there is archaeological【C2】______that counting was employed by humans as far back as 50, 000 years ago) that the【C3】______of this development is largely conjectural (推测的). Imaging how it probably came【C4】______is not difficult. The argument that humans,【C5】______in prehistoric times, had some number sense, at least【C6】______the extent of recognizing the concepts of more and less when some objects were【C7】______to or taken away from a small group, seems fair, for studies have shown that some animal possesses such a【C8】______.
With the【C9】______evolution of society, simple counting became necessary. A tribe had to know how many members it had and how many enemies, and shepherd needed to know【C10】______the flock of sheep was decreasing in size. Probably the earliest way of keeping a count was by some simple tally (计算，记录) method,【C11】______the principle of one-to-one correspondence. In【C12】______a count of sheep, for example, one finger per sheep could be【C13】______. Counts could also be【C14】______by making scratches in the dirt or on a stone, by cutting notches in a piece of wood, or by tying knots in a string.
【C15】______, perhaps later, an assortment of vocal【C16】______was developed as a word tally against the number of objects in a small group. And【C17】______later, with the development of writing, a set of【C18】______was invented to stand for these numbers. Such an imagined development is【C19】______by reports of anthropologists in their studies of present day societies that are【C20】______to be similar to those of early humans. [br] 【C9】

选项 A、continuous
B、continual
C、unceasing
D、gradual

答案 D

解析此句是说随着社会的逐渐发展，简单的计算变得很有必要。[D]gradual与evolution构成搭配，evolution本身包含“逐渐的，逐步的”的概念，故答案为[D]。[A]centinuous指事件或活动持续了相当长的一段时间而没有间断；[B]continual一般指动作的多次重复；[C]unceasing指不停的、不断的、持续的。

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