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  3. In 1967, in response to widespread public concern aroused by medical reports

In 1967, in response to widespread public concern aroused by medical reports

游客2024-09-16  31
问题     In 1967, in response to widespread public concern aroused by medical reports of asbestos related death, the National Medical Research Council (NMRC) organized a committee of enquiry to investigate the health threats associated with the use of asbestos in the building industry. After examining evidences provided by medical researchers and building workers and management, the Council published a report which included advices for dealing with asbestos. The report confirmed the findings of similar research in the United States and Canada. Exposure to relatively small quantities of asbestos fibers, they concluded, was directly responsible for the development of cancers, asbestosis (石棉沉着病) and related diseases. Taking into account evidence provided by economists and building industry management, however, the report assumed that despite the availability of other materials, asbestos would continue to play a major role in the British building industry for many years to come because of its availability and low cost.
    As a result, the Council gave a series of recommendations which were intended to reduce the risks to those who might be exposed to asbestos in working environments. They suggested that, where possible, asbestos-free materials should be employed. In cases where asbestos was employed, it was recommended that it should be used in such a way that loose fibers were less likely to enter the air. The report advised that special care should be taken during work in environments which contain asbestos. Workers should wear protective equipment and take special care to remove dust from the environment and clothing with the use of vacuum cleaner.
    The report identified five factors which determine the level of risk involved. The state and type of asbestos is critical to determining the risk factors. In addition, dust formation was found to be limited where asbestos was used when wet rather than dry.
    The choice of tools was also found to affect the quantities of asbestos particles that enter the air. Machine tools produce greater quantities of dust than hand tools and, where possible, the use of the latter was preferred.
    A critical factor which takes place in risk reduction is the adequate ventilation of the working environment. When work takes place in an enclosed space, more asbestos particles circulate and so natural or machine ventilation should be used. By closely following these advices, it was claimed that exposure can be reduced to a reasonably practical minimum. [br] Evidence from economists and building industry management shows that
选项 A、exposure to asbestos fibers is cancer-causing.
B、asbestos is in extensive use at present.
C、exposure to asbestos fibers can be reduced.
D、use of asbestos is being gradually decreased.
答案 B
解析 根据题干中的Evidence和economists and building industry management定位到第1段末句。该句指出，虽也可使用其他替代材料，但由于石棉使用方便、价格低廉，所以将继续在英国建筑业发挥主要作用。因此，根据石棉自身难以被取代的优点以及在未来可能继续发挥主要作用，可推测目前石棉的使用很广泛。由此可排除D，选B。根据第l段倒数第2句的叙述，接触石棉纤维将引发癌症的结论是整份报告的结论之一，与经济学家和建筑业管理层提供的证据无关，故排除A。文章的确提出了一些降低接触石棉纤维风险的建议，但与题干中的economists and building industry management无关，故排除C。
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