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  3. Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volca

Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volca

游客2024-09-16  29
问题     Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the world’s volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth’s surface. On the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.
    That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth’s interior. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one ocean is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layer of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot-spot population it appears that it has not moved during the 30 million years.
    The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layers creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures(cracks): in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain the mobility of the continents, and their mutability(inconstancy). [br] That Africa and South America were once joined can be deduced from the fact that______.
选项 A、the two continents are still moving in opposite directions
B、they have been found to share certain geological features
C、the African plate has been stable for 30 million years
D、over 100 hot spots are scattered all around the globe
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。第二段指出：非洲和南美洲正在漂离对方。大洋两边可以互相填补的海岸线和某些共有的地理特征显示两块大陆曾经相连。故B为答案。A，C，D均无法推测出两大洋曾经相连。
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