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  3. There are two kinds of division of labor: that based on age and that based

There are two kinds of division of labor: that based on age and that based

游客2024-05-12  29
问题      There are two kinds of division of labor: that based on age and that based on sex.
     Division of labor by age results in the obvious biological fact that human beings【C1】______   three major periods of development. In childhood, the human is in large part dependent upon adults for food, shelter,  and other【C2】______ ; he has neither the strength nor the skills to【C3】______  for himself.  Children, in most societies, have only light tasks as helpers【C4】______ adults or none at all, and when duties are【C5】______ , these are often regarded as educational, to prepare the child for his adult【C6】______ .
     Adulthood is ordinarily the period of greatest vigor and ability.  The adult man or woman【C7】______ on full responsibility for the duties of his/her sex and special occupation. In many societies, in particular those【C8】______ the technology requires physical strength and stamina, the adult in the prime of life【C9】______ a dominant role and is often assigned the more responsible position in the group.
     Old age, since it inevitably brings【C10】______ a loss in muscular vigor and a decline in sight, hearing and coordination, again results in a change in occupational status. This does not necessarily mean that the old lose【C11】______ ;
many societies make full use of their older members’ experience and wisdom and employ them to direct the efforts of the more vigorous【C12】______ no-so-experienced adults.
     Sex division of labor is more difficult to【C13】______  for in strictly biological terms. A careful survey of the division of labor by sex lends little support to the often-repeated 【C14】______ that women are  【C15】______ only for occupations that require relatively little skill or intelligence. In recent years women,  freed from economic【C16】______ to men, have shown themselves fully【C17】______ in nearly all professions in which they have been given the opportunity to participate.  Man’s wider range of occupation and the fact【C18】______ he very often occupies the more important positions of leadership in human societies, is probably【C19】______ due to his allegedly superior intelligence than to his greater freedom from the biological function of childbirth and the necessarily【C20】______ duties in the care of infant.  [br] 【C11】
选项 A、prestige
B、capability
C、authority
D、power
答案 A
解析 考查语义衔接。上文提到“年老不可避免地会引起肌肉活力的下降，视力、听力和协调力的降低，从而导致老年人职业地位的变化”，下文又提到“很多社会充分利用老年人的经验和智慧，用他们来指导那些身强力壮但缺乏经验的成年人”。可见，老年人身体的变化并不一定意味着他们失去了威望。prestige意为“威信，威望”。
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