首页
登录
职称英语
Parenthood isn’t a career-killer. The effect of parenthood is not that sever
Parenthood isn’t a career-killer. The effect of parenthood is not that sever
游客
2024-04-22
3
管理
问题
Parenthood isn’t a career-killer. The effect of parenthood is not that severe as people imagine. In fact, economists with two or more kids tend to produce more research, not less, than their one-child or childless colleagues. But female economists in particular can pay a price in terms of productivity after becoming mothers, especially if they’ re young or unmarried.
That’ s, according to new research from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, a working paper("Parenthood and Productivity of Highly Skilled Labour: Evidence from the Grove of Academe")published this month by Matthias Krapf of the University of Zurich, Heinrich Ursprung of the University of Konstanz and Christian Zimmermann of the regional reserve bank.
"There is a widespread conviction that motherhood is extremely costly in terms of professional career advancement. In particular, it is often argued that the only way for young women to make a challenging career is to remain childless," they wrote. "Our study of the academic labour market arrives at a somewhat less
dreary
picture: we do not observe a family gap in research productivity among female academic economists. Moreover, motherhood-induced decreases in research productivity are less pronounced than usually purported."
The authors in early 2012 surveyed about 10,000 economists through the Research Papers in Economics online platform, matching the academics’ answers with their publication records. They gauged an economist’ s productivity by looking at their output: published research, weighted by journal quality. Some of their findings are as follows:
"Mothers of at least two children are, on average, more productive than mothers of only one child, and mothers in general are more productive than childless women. Fathers of at least two children are also more productive than fathers of one child and childless men. Toward the end of their careers, however, childless men appear to be somewhat more productive than fathers of one child."
Parenthood does appear linked to lower productivity while the children are 12 and younger: mothers average a 17.4% loss, while fathers average a 5% loss. A female economist with three children, on average, loses the equivalent of four years of research output by the time her kids become teenagers.
Women who are married or in a stable relationship "do not have any drop in research productivity in the three years following childbirth." For single mothers, research output drops by roughly a third over the same period.
Female economists who have their first child before the age of 30 are less productive, while "for older first-time mothers, the effect remains negative, but it is much smaller and lacks statistical significance."
Male economists without tenure become more productive after having a child, while tenured male economists won’t be more productive. There is no similar effect for female economists. [br] Which conditions as follows can lead to less productivity?
选项
A、Women have two children or more.
B、Women have no children.
C、Men have two children or more.
D、Women with stable marriage relationship.
答案
B
解析
细节题。根据文章第五段中“Mothers of at least two children are,on average,more productive than mothers of only one child,and mothers in general are moreproductive than childless women.”可知.有两个或两个以上孩子的母亲工作效率更高,有孩子的女性总体上比没有孩子的女性工作效率更高。因此,没有孩子的女性工作效率相对低。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.tihaiku.com/zcyy/3566044.html
相关试题推荐
Innovation,theeffectiverecipeofprogress,hasalwayscostpeopletheirj
Innovation,theeffectiverecipeofprogress,hasalwayscostpeopletheirj
Innovation,theeffectiverecipeofprogress,hasalwayscostpeopletheirj
Innovation,theeffectiverecipeofprogress,hasalwayscostpeopletheirj
Innovation,theeffectiverecipeofprogress,hasalwayscostpeopletheirj
Innovation,theeffectiverecipeofprogress,hasalwayscostpeopletheirj
Innovation,theeffectiverecipeofprogress,hasalwayscostpeopletheirj
[originaltext]Foryearsscientistshavebeenworriedabouttheeffectsofa
[originaltext]Foryearsscientistshavebeenworriedabouttheeffectsofa
Parenthoodisn’tacareer-killer.Theeffectofparenthoodisnotthatsever
随机试题
Accordingtotheconversation,Mr.JohnsonisNOTverystrongin[br][original
生物转化的对象是A.蛋白质 B.脂肪 C.非营养物质 D.糖 E.胆固醇
沥青混合料用矿粉一般是()磨细得到的。A.石灰岩 B.花岗岩 C.玄武
甲股份有限公司委托某证券公司发行普通股,股票面值总额4000万元,发行总额160
中国古人曰:“飞鸟之影未尝动也”,是指( ) A.静中有动 B.动中有静
关于唾液的生理作用,下列哪项是的? A.抗菌B.部分淀粉C.部分消化蛋白质
根据《宪法》和法律的规定,下列哪些选项是不正确的?()(2012年)A.生命权
生产控制的目的是( )。A.提高产品价格 B.提高生产管理的有效性 C.提
()又称重点选择法或不均匀分布定律法,是指应用数理统计分析的方法来选择对象的一
依据《安全生产法》的规定,下列安全生产工作职责,属于生产经营单位主要负责人的是(
最新回复
(
0
)