2. 职称英语
  3. The questions in this group are based on the content of a passage. After reading

The questions in this group are based on the content of a passage. After reading

游客2024-01-13  1
问题 The questions in this group are based on the content of a passage. After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following the passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.
   Dear Sirs,
   Given all the coverage that the emergence of hybrid cars has received in your pages in recent months, your readers may be interested to learn that gasoline-electric hybrids are not a new phenomenon at all, but rather the latest incarnation of an idea that has been kicking around for over a century. Indeed, the hybrid car has been around almost as long as the automobile itself.
   At the turn of the twentieth century, as the automotive age dawned, three power-generating technologies competed for dominance: steam, gasoline, and electricity. In the year 1900, steam was well known as the power source of the industrial revolution, and electricity was widely regarded as the power source of the future, so it was not at all obvious that internal combustion engines burning a fractional distillate of crude petroleum would have any particular edge in this race for the powertrains of America. Indeed, when engineer H. Piper filed the first patent application for a gasoline-electric hybrid motor in 1905, his intention was to use the gas to give a little kick to his perfectly serviceable electric engine. His goal: an engine that could accelerate from 0 to 25 miles per hour in 10 seconds.
   Piper achieved his goal. Electric and hybrid-electric engines powered more than 35,000 vehicles sold in 1912. These cars were perfectly adequate for the time, but over the following decade they mostly disappeared from the market, through no fault of their own. The cause of their decline was the spectacular improvements in the cost and performance of gasoline-powered cars. An onslaught of fast and cheap internal combustion cars from Ford, General Motors, and Buick essentially buried the electric and electric-hybrid motors by the 1920s.
   Continuing performance improvements in internal combustion engines and inexpensive gas pretty much kept hybrids buried until the oil crises of 1973 and 1979 gave Americans a reason to start thinking about fuel efficiency. Engineers had the motivation to think about fuel-efficient hybrids, but they still lacked the means to make hybrids economically competitive with gas-powered cars, because the performance of gas-electric engines lagged far behind that of gas-powered engines in acceleration, top speed, and cruising range.
   Dramatic improvements in electronics and computer technology during the 1990s, however, finally made the hybrid a reality. Advances in battery performance and, most importantly, computer-guided electric power transfer created a car that could drive like a regular car, but do so on half the tank of gas. As another century dawns, perhaps we are entering into a new automotive age. [br] Which of the following examples of business and technology bears the most similarity to the history of the hybrid car, as presented in the passage?
选项 A、American aerospace companies in the 1960s created working prototypes of supersonic passenger aircraft that could complete intercontinental flights in half the time of conventional aircraft, but these projects were canceled because of concerns that the hig
B、Although oil companies first attempted deep-sea drilling in the Gulf of Mexico in the 1930s, these deep-sea projects could not compete with land-based drilling projects until advances in drilling technology and the rising price of oil made deep-sea drilli
C、Automakers in the 1980s, after concluding that the average driver could not be relied on to use seat belts consistently, chose to adopt airbags as a standard safety feature.
D、Lighter-than-air craft, such as Zeppelins, made up a substantial part of total air traffic in the early twentieth century, but they rapidly fell out of favor after airplanes proved to be a faster and safer form of transportation.
E、Although railroads carried more than 90 percent of all land-based commercial cargo in the United States in 1910, by 1980 railroads had been surpassed by trucks in total cargo carried, because of the greater speed and flexibility offered by the heavy truck
答案 B
解析 B describes a type of technology--deep-sea drilling--that existed early in the century, was generally disregarded for decades because of competitive pressures, but benefited from a resurgence of interest as a result of technological developments and the rising price of oil. None of the other choices offer this pattern of initial interest, fall from favor, and resurgence that is seen in the history of hybrid cars.
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