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  3. When A. Philip Randolph assumed the leadership of the Brotherhood of Sleepin

When A. Philip Randolph assumed the leadership of the Brotherhood of Sleepin

游客2024-01-13  65
问题     When A. Philip Randolph assumed the leadership of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, he began a ten-year battle to win recognition from the Pullman Company, the largest private employer of Black people in the United States and the company that controlled the railroad industry’ s sleeping car and parlor service. In 1935 the Brotherhood became the first Black union recognized by a major corporation. Randolph’s efforts in the battle helped transform the attitude of Black workers toward unions and toward themselves as an identifiable group; eventually, Randolph helped to weaken organized labor’ s antagonism toward Black workers.
    In the Pullman contest Randolph faced formidable obstacles. The first was Black workers ’ understandable skepticism toward unions, which had historically barred Black workers from membership. An additional obstacle was the union that Pullman itself had formed, which weakened support among Black workers for an independent entity.
    The Brotherhood possessed a number of advantages, however, including Randolph’ s own tactical abilities. In 1928 he took the bold step of threatening a strike against Pullman. Such a threat, on a national scale, under Black leadership, helped replace the stereotype of the Black worker as servant with the image of the Black worker as wage earner. In addition, the porters’ very isolation aided the Brotherhood. Porters were scattered throughout the country, sleeping in dormitories in Black communities; their segregated life protected the union’ s internal communications from interception. That the porters were a homogeneous group working for a single employer with single labor policy, thus sharing the same grievances from city to city, also strengthened the Brotherhood and encouraged racial identity and solidarity as well. But it was only in the early 1930’s that federal legislation prohibiting a company from maintaining its own unions with company money eventually allowed the Brotherhood to become recognized as the porters representative.
    Not content with this triumph, Randolph brought the Brotherhood into the American Federation of Labor, where it became the equal of the Federa- tion’ s 105 other unions. He reasoned that as a member union, the Brotherhood would be in a better position to exert pressure on member unions that practiced race restrictions. Such restric- tions were eventually found unconstitutional in 1944. [br] The passage suggests which of the following about the response of porters to the Pullman Company’ s own union?
选项 A、Few porters ever joined this union.
B、Some porters supported this union before 1935.
C、Porters, more than other Pullman employees, enthusiastically supported this union.
D、The porters’ response was most positive after 1935.
E、The porters’ response was unaffected by the general skepticism of Black workers concerning unions.
答案 B
解析 搬运工对P公司自身的工会是什么态度?A．很少加入。无。B．正确。1935年以前有人支持。1935年，Brotherhood取得正式地位，在这之前P公司自身工会是它要克服的困难(L23—27)。因此可推出：1935年以前，P公司自己的工会有着影响力。C．搬运工比其他雇员对工会更支持。文中未进行比较。D．1935年以后最积极。说反了。E．搬运工对其反应和黑人对工会总体怀疑无关。原文未说是否有关，不要自己推。
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