2. 职称英语
  3. Prior to 1975, union efforts to organize public-sector clerical workers, mos

Prior to 1975, union efforts to organize public-sector clerical workers, mos

游客2024-01-13  48
问题     Prior to 1975, union efforts to organize public-sector clerical workers, most of whom are women, were somewhat limited. The factors favoring union- ization drives seem to have been either the presence of large numbers of workers, as in New York City, to make it worth the effort, or the concentration of small numbers in one or two locations, such as a hospital, to make it relatively easy. Receptivity to unionization on the workers part was also a consideration, but when there were large numbers involved or the clerical workers’ were the only unorganized group in a jurisdiction , the multi - occupational unions would often try to organize them regardless of the workers’ initial receptivity. The strategic reasoning was based, first, on the concern that politicians and administrators might play off unionized against non-unionized workers, and, second, on the conviction that a fully unionized public work force meant power, both at the bargaining table and in the legislature. In localities where clerical workers were few in number, were scattered in several workplaces, and expressed no interest in being orga- nized, unions more often than not ignored them in the pre-1975 period.
    But since the mid-1970’s, a different strategy has emerged. In 1977, 34 percent of government clerical workers were represented by a labor organization, compared with 46 percent of government professionals, 44 percent of government blue-collar workers, and 41 percent of government service workers. Since then, however, the biggest increases in public-sector unionization have been among clerical workers. Between 1977 and 1980, the number of unionized government workers in blue-collar and service occupations increased only about 1.5 percent, while in the white-collar occupations the increase was 20 percent and among clerical workers in particular, the increase was 22 percent.  What accounts for this upsurge in unionization among clerical workers? First, more women have entered the work force in the past few years, and more of them plan to remain working until retirement age. Consequently, they are probably more concerned than their predecessors were about job security and economic benefits. Also, the women’ s movement has succeeded in le- gitimizing the economic and political activism of women on their own behalf, thereby producing a more positive attitude toward unions. The absence of any comparable increase in unionization among private-sector clerical workers, however, identifies the primary catalyst—the structural change in the multi-occupational public-sector unions themselves. Over the past twenty years, the occupational distribution in these unions has been steadily shifting from predominantly blue-collar to predominantly white-collar. Because there are far more women in white-collar jobs, an increase in the proportion of female members has accompanied the occupational shift and has altered union policy-making in favor of organizing women and addressing women’s issues. [br] The author implies that if the increase in the number of women in the work force and the impact of the women’ s movement were the main causes of the rise in unionization of public-sector clerical workers, then
选项 A、more women would hold administrative positions in unions.
B、more women who hold political offices would have positive attitudes toward labor unions.
C、there would be an equivalent rise in unionization of private-sector clerical workers.
D、unions would have shown more interest than they have in organizing women.
E、the increase in the number of unionized public-sector clerical workers would have been greater than it has been.
答案 C
解析 如果妇女工作的人数增加和妇女运动的影响是造成公共部门女职员参加工会增多的主要原因，将会有什么结果?原文最后一段，一共提出三个原因，假如题干所举的两个原因是主要原因，那么原文L67—69所说工会内部结构变化将不是主要原因，于是作者论述它为主要原因的论据也应该为非。C正确。在私人部门的女职员中也有相应的参加工会增多的现象。A、B、D、E和这段推理无关。
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