首页
登录
职称英语
Disease is a fluid concept influenced by societal and cultural atti
Disease is a fluid concept influenced by societal and cultural atti
游客
2024-01-11
9
管理
问题
Disease is a fluid concept influenced by societal and cultural attitudes that
change diachronically in response to new scientific and medical discoveries.
Historically, doctors defined a disease according to a cluster of symptoms, and
Line as their clinical descriptions became more sophisticated, they started to classify
(5) diseases into separate groups, so that from this medical taxonomy came new
insights into disease etiology. Before the 20th century, schizophrenia and
syphilitic insanity were treated as the same disease, but by early 1900 it became
evident that psychoses without associated dementia represented a separate
disease for which the term schizophrenia was then coined. The definition of
(10) schizophrenia continues to evolve from the psychiatric disease of the 1960s to an
illness with a suspected genetic etiology, though the existence of such an
etiology remains uncertain. While an optimistic hunt is still on for the genes
involved, we must continue to define schizophrenia in terms of the presence or
absence of "positive" and "negative" symptoms.
(15) Labeling someone as diseased, however, has enormous individual, social,
financial, and physical implications, for irrespective of disease symptoms, the
label itself may lead to significant distress. Individuals with asymptomatic
conditions, including genetic variations, may be perceived by themselves or
others as having a disease. It is not that labeling someone as diseased is always
(20) positive-it does have severe ramifications, affecting decisions to have children
or resulting in unjust treatment by life, medical, and disability insurers-but it
can be beneficial, legitimizing symptoms, clarifying issues of personal
responsibility, and improving accessibility to health care. Nevertheless,
deviations from normal that are not associated with risk should not be
(25) considered synonymous with disease. Two schools—nominalist and essentialist
or reductionist—have debated the clinical criteria used to label a patient as
diseased. Nominalists label symptoms with a disease name, such as
schizophrenia, and do not offer an explanation of the underlying etiology, while
essentialists contend that for every disease there is an underlying pathological
(30) etiology, and now argue that the essential lesion defining the disease state is a
genetic abnormality.
It has been suggested that diseases defined according to the essentialist
tradition may be precisely wrong, whereas those defined in the nominalist
traditional may be roughly accurate. But in labeling a disease state, we must
(35) consider both the phenotype (symptoms) or the genotype (genetic
abnormality), for the former describes a state that places individuals at some
definable risk of adverse consequences, while the latter helps suggest specific
genetic or pharmacologic therapies. Thus, both clinical criteria and genetic
abnormalities should be used to define a disease state, and the choice of a
(40) disease definition will vary according to what one wishes to achieve, the genetic
counseling of family members or the effective treatment of the patient. [br] It can be inferred that the author considers the way schizophrenia has been classified by doctors after 1960 to be an example of which of the following?
选项
A、A disease which resisted traditional methods of classification, but has been served well by modern methods of classification
B、A disease which has resisted modern methods of classification, and continues to require a traditional method of classification
C、A disease which satisfies modern methods of classification best, but which scientists prefer to classify through a traditional method
D、A disease which satisfies traditional methods of classification best, but which scientists prefer to classify through a modern method
E、A disease which may be defined equally well by modern methods of classification as by traditional ones
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.tihaiku.com/zcyy/3353781.html
相关试题推荐
Handednesscanbeinfluencedandchangedbysocialandculturalmechanisms,asc
TheHeadlandHypothesisarguesthatforagingornon-agriculturaltribes
A、ofteninhumaneandrarelynecessaryB、unrelatedtotheactualstudyofdisease
Diseaseisafluidconceptinfluencedbysocietalandculturalattitudes
Thatlargeregionsofthegalaxycanbeinfluencedbytheformation
Thatlargeregionsofthegalaxycanbeinfluencedbytheformation
Thatlargeregionsofthegalaxycanbeinfluencedbytheformation
Thatlargeregionsofthegalaxycanbeinfluencedbytheformation
Thatlargeregionsofthegalaxycanbeinfluencedbytheformation
Thatlargeregionsofthegalaxycanbeinfluencedbytheformation
随机试题
Alandfreefromdestruction,pluswealth,naturalresources,andlaborsupp
请采用经济学原理分析城市交通拥堵现象并提出对策。
()XML代码段是正确的。A.<!-xml示例-!><?xmlv
A.乳房纤维腺瘤 B.乳管内乳头状瘤 C.乳腺囊性增生病 D.乳腺炎 E
10岁男孩,猩红热2周后出现浮肿伴血尿,血压140/90mmHg。主要的治疗不包
颈椎前路手术后最危急的并发症是A:呼吸困难 B:喉返神经损伤 C:声音嘶哑
恩格斯认为,全部哲学,特别是近代哲学的重大基本问题是:A.哲学与人类生存活动之间
下列统计数据中,由定类尺度计量形成的是()。A.投资完成额 B.性别 C.产
有优良的导电性和导热性,较好的耐蚀性和抗磁性,优良的减摩性和耐磨性,较高的强度和
男,40岁,15年前幵始在社交应酬中饮酒,开始饮白酒约合100?150g/次。1
最新回复
(
0
)