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  3. Perhaps one of the most dramatic and important changes that took place i

Perhaps one of the most dramatic and important changes that took place i

游客2024-01-05  75
问题         Perhaps one of the most dramatic and important changes that took place in the
    Mesozoic era occurred late in that era, among the small organisms that populate the
    uppermost, sunlit portion of the oceans--the plankton. The term "plankton" is a broad
    one, designating all of the small plants and animals that float about or weakly propel
(5) themselves through the sea. In the late stages of the Mesozoic era. during the Cretaceous
    period, there was a great expansion of plankton that precipitated skeletons or shells
    composed of two types of mineral: silica and calcium carbonate. This development
    radically changed the types of sediments that accumulated on the seafloor, because,
    while the organic parts of the plankton decayed after the organisms died, their mineralized
(10)skeletons often survived and sank to the bottom. For the first time in the Earth’s long
    history, very large quantities of silica skeletons, which would eventually harden into rock,
    began to pile up in parts of the deep sea. Thick deposits of calcareous ooze made up of
    the tiny remains of the calcium carbonate-secreting plankton also accumulated as never
    before. The famous white chalk cliffs of Dover, in the southeast of England, are just one
(15)example of the huge quantities of such material that amassed during the Cretaceous
    period; there are many more. Just why the calcareous plankton were so prolific during
    the latter part of the Cretaceous period is not fully understood. Such massive amounts
    of chalky sediments have never since been deposited over a comparable period of time.
    The high biological productivity of the Cretaceous oceans also led to ideal conditions
(20)for oil accumulation. Oil is formed when organic material trapped in sediments is slowly
    buried and subjected to increased temperatures and pressures, transforming it into
    petroleum. Sediments rich in organic material accumulated along the margins of the
    Tethys Seaway, the tropical east-west ocean that formed when Earth’s single landmass
    (known as Pangaea) split apart during the Mesozoic era. Many of today’s important oil
(25)fields are found in those sediments--in Russia, the Middle East, the Gulf of Mexico, and
    in the states of Texas and Louisiana in the United States.
选项 A、How sediments were built up in oceans during the Cretaceous period
B、How petroleum was formed in the Mesozoic era
C、The impact of changes in oceanic animal and plant life in the Mesozoic era
D、The differences between plankton found in the present era and Cretaceous plankton
答案 A
解析
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