首页
登录
职称英语
"Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory" The famous Swiss psychol
"Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory" The famous Swiss psychol
游客
2024-01-04
7
管理
问题
"Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory"
The famous Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget (1896-1980) proposed an important theory of cognitive development. Piaget’s theory states that children actively construct their understanding of the world and go through four stages of cognitive development. Two processes underlie this cognitive construction of the world: organization and adaptation. To make sense of our world, we organize our experiences. For example, we separate important ideas from less important ideas. We connect one idea to another.
But not only do we organize our observations and experiences, we also adapt our thinking to include new ideas because additional information furthers understanding.
Piaget (1954) believed that we adapt in two ways: assimilation and accommodation.
→ Assimilation occurs when individual is incorporate new information into their existing knowledge. Accommodation occurs when individual is adjust to new information. Consider a circumstance in which a 9-year-old girl is given a hammer and nails to hang a picture on the wall. She has never used a hammer, but from observation and vicarious experience she realizes that a hammer is an object to be held, that it is swung by the handle to hit the nail, and that it is usually swung a number of times. Recognizing each of these things, she fits her behavior into the information she already has (assimilation). However, the hammer is heavy, so she holds it near the top. She swings too hard and the nail bends, so she adjusts the pressure of her strikes. These adjustments reveal her ability to
alter
slightly her conception of the world (accommodation).
Piaget thought that assimilation and accommodation operate even in the very young infant’s life. Newborns reflexively suck everything that touches their lips (assimilation), but, after several months of experience, they construct their understanding of the world differently. Some objects, such as fingers and the mother’s breast, can be sucked, but
others
such as fuzzy blankets, should not be sucked (accommodation).
Piaget also believed that we go through four stages in understanding the world. Each of the stages is age-related and consists of
distinct
ways of thinking. Remember, it is the different way of understanding the world that makes one stage more advanced than another; knowing more information does not make the child’s thinking more advanced, in the Piagetian view. This is what Piaget meant when he said the child’s cognition is qualitatively different in one stage compared to another (Vidal, 2000). A What are Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development like?
B The sensorimotor stage, which lasts from birth to about 2 years of age, is the first Piagetian stage. In this stage, infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences (such as seeing and hearing) with physical, motoric actions-hence the term sensorimotor. C At the end of the stage, 2-year-olds have
sophisticated
sensorimotor patterns and are beginning to operate with primitive symbols. D
→The preoperational stage, which lasts from approximately 2 to 7 years of age, is the second Piagetian stage. In this stage, children begin to represent the world with words, images, and drawings. Symbolic thought goes beyond simple connections of sensory information and physical action. However, although preschool children can symbolically represent the world, according to Piaget, they still lack the ability to perform operations, the Piagetian term for internalized mental, actions that allow children to do mentally what they previously did physically.
→The concrete operational stage, which lasts from approximately 7 to 11 years of age, is the third Piagetian stage. In this stage, children can perform operations, and logical reasoning replaces intuitive thought as long as reasoning can be applied to specific or concrete examples. For instance, concrete operational thinkers cannot imagine the steps necessary to complete an algebraic equation, which is too abstract for thinking at this stage of development.
→The formal operational stage, which appears between the ages of 11 and 15, is the fourth and final Piagetian stage. In this stage, individuals move beyond concrete experiences and think in abstract and more logical terms. As part of thinking more abstractly, adolescents develop images of ideal circumstances. They might think about what an ideal parent is like and compare their parents to this ideal standard. They begin to entertain possibilities for the future and are fascinated with what they can be. In solving problems, formal operational thinkers are more systematic, developing hypotheses about why something is happening the way it is, then testing these hypotheses in a deductive manner. [br] In paragraph 8, the author mentions parents because
选项
A、teenagers are already thinking about their roles in the future
B、parents are very important teachers during the final stage of development
C、the comparison of real and ideal parents is an example of abstract thinking
D、adolescents tend to be critical of their parents as part of their development
答案
C
解析
"They might think about what an ideal parent is like and compare their parents to this ideal standard." Choice A is true, but it is not the reason that the author mentions parents. Choices B and D are not mentioned in the passage.
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.tihaiku.com/zcyy/3333987.html
相关试题推荐
Bothsocialfactorsandthedevelopmentof【L31】________havebeenimpo
Bothsocialfactorsandthedevelopmentof【L31】________havebeenimpo
Bothsocialfactorsandthedevelopmentof【L31】________havebeenimpo
Bothsocialfactorsandthedevelopmentof【L31】________havebeenimpo
Bothsocialfactorsandthedevelopmentof【L31】________havebeenimpo
Duringthenineteenthcenturythemoleculartheoryofmatterwasdeveloped,(whi
"’PsychologyClass"[img]2012q1/ct_etoefm_etoeflistz_1034_20121[/img][br]Howd
"’PsychologyClass"[img]2012q1/ct_etoefm_etoeflistz_1034_20121[/img][br]Whyd
"’PsychologyClass"[img]2012q1/ct_etoefm_etoeflistz_1034_20121[/img][br]What
"Piaget’sCognitiveDevelopmentTheory"ThefamousSwisspsychol
随机试题
[originaltext]W:Withusnow,isMalcolmBricklin,CEOofVisionaryVehicles.M
Itissensibleforhimtoactasifheweremadinthecourt,becauseinthatca
Theclerkofthecompanyenteredthehospital(examine)______.tobeexamined
总资产周转率等于会计期内的销售收入总额除以平均的资产总额,反映了企业的盈利能力
荧光物质被激发后产生的荧光衰减到一定程度所用的时间称为:A.发射光谱 B.激光
站级收费系统是一个小的独立中心,当与上级通信故障或上级计算机出现故障时,应能全部
下列职权中,属于股份有限公司董事会的是()。 ①召集股东会会议 ②决定公
2021年4月,我国本外币贷款余额187.85万亿元,同比增长12%;人民币贷款
人在每一瞬间,将心理活动选择了某些对象而忽略了另一些对象。这一特点指的是注意的(
与磺胺甲噁唑具有协同抑菌和杀菌作用的是()A.甲氧苄啶 B.诺氟沙星 C
最新回复
(
0
)