首页
登录
职称英语
Patents and InventionsWhen an invention is made, the in
Patents and InventionsWhen an invention is made, the in
游客
2024-01-03
14
管理
问题
Patents and Inventions
When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: first, he can give the invention to the world by publishing it; keep the idea secret or patent it. Secrecy obviously
evaporates
once the invention is sold or used, and there is always the risk that in the meantime another inventor, working quite independently will make and patent the same discovery. A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state, whereby, in return for a limited period of monopoly(16 years in the UK), the inventor publishes full details of his invention to the public.
Once the monopoly period expires, all those details of the invention pass into the public domain.(A)
Only in the most exceptional circumstances is the life-span of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events.(B)
The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi: his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until 1971.(C)
Because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no color TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention.(D)
George Valensi was more fortunate than most of other inventors.
Because a patent remains
perpetually
published after it has expired, the shelves of the library attached to the British Patent Office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if older than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live patents, that the one sure way of avoiding infringement of any other inventor’s rights is to
plagiarize
a dead patent.
Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates future patents on that idea, it is traditionally safe to cull ideas from other areas of print.
Much modern technological advance is based on these presumptions of legal security.
Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most "new" ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity, dedication or the availability of new technology, that makes news and money. The basic patents for the manufacture of margarine and the theory of magnetic recording date back to 1869 and 1886 respectively. Many of the original ideas behind television stem from the late 19th and early 20th century, well before Baird aroused public interest. Every stereo gramophone sold today owes its existence to the theory patented by Blumlein in 1931, and even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.
Such anticipations can have surprising significance. The German chemical giant, BASF, was recently refused a patent for the clever idea of pumping expanded plastics into a submerged ship and thereby floating it to the surface. The
grounds
of the refusal were that the German Examiner had once seen a Walt Disney cartoon in which Donald Duck had performed a similar trick on a sunken boat with table-tennis balls. If the BASF scheme proves successful in practice and enables valuable wrecks to be salvaged it is likely that Walt Disney will be credited as the inventor.
Even the apparently safe history of the telephone and gramophone contains some surprises. US legal case law details how an American called Drawbaugh had ideas for a telephone which anticipated Bell’s patents of 1875 —1876 by five years, but it was Alexander Graham Bell who made the system practical on a commercial level and was acknowledged and rewarded as inventor.
The future will produce many similar situations. Patents are daily being granted for ideas from inventors for schemes that cannot yet work~-but that one day, following massive investment by industry, will become a reality. It is remarkably easy to sit in the comfort of an armchair and patent pipe dreams which are nothing more than prophecies of the future and problems for others to solve. [br] According to Paragraph 1, if a patent is granted,______.
选项
A、the inventor does not own it anymore
B、the inventor can keep the discovery secret
C、the inventor cannot sell the discovery
D、the inventor must make the discovery public
答案
D
解析
本题为事实信息题,主要考查考生排除干扰项并抓住文章中阐明的重要信息的能力。根据第一段最后一句话:“A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and thestate,whereby,in return for a limited period of monopoly(16 years in the UK),the inventor publishesfull details of his invention to the public”,即“专利是发明者与当局之间达成协议的结果,根据此协议,当局给予该专利专有期限(英国为16年),而发明者必须公布发明的细节”。因此,如果一个专利通过申请,发明者就必须将发明的具体信息公之于众。因此选D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.tihaiku.com/zcyy/3330486.html
相关试题推荐
TheBessemerprocessfor(converting)irontosteel(wasinvention)ofenormous
PatentsandInventionsWhenaninventionismade,thei
PatentsandInventionsWhenaninventionismade,thei
PatentsandInventionsWhenaninventionismade,thei
PatentsandInventionsWhenaninventionismade,thei
PatentsandInventionsWhenaninventionismade,thei
PatentsandInventionsWhenaninventionismade,thei
PatentsandInventionsWhenaninventionismade,thei
"ConquestbyPatents"→Patentsareaformofintellectualpr
"ConquestbyPatents"→Patentsareaformofintellectualpr
随机试题
Areyoulivingyourlifetothefullest?Areyouhappywithwho,what,orwh
TakeNapsatWork.ApologizetoNoOneA)Inthepasttwow
确定审计后续行动深度和广度的首要因素是什么?A.寻求外部专家的帮助 B.对审计
A.Ⅲ度深覆 B.手腕部X线片 C.Ⅰ度拥挤 D.Ⅱ度开 E.Ⅱ度深覆盖
注册会计师了解被审计单位对业绩衡量和评价的最重要的目的是()。A.将被审计
内部审计的主要工作方法包括()。A.现场审计 B.非现场审计 C.现场走访
发病学研究的内容是A.疾病发生的原因B.疾病发生的条件C.疾病发生的诱因D.自稳
在其他条件不变时,当某交易者预计天然橡胶将因汽车消费量增加而导致需求上升时,他最
求助者:女性,27岁,公司职员。 案例介绍:求助者经常和父母、同事、客户发生矛
下列关于城建税的说法中,表述正确的有()。A.张某销售自己使用过的电视机,不需
最新回复
(
0
)