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  3. In Question 6, you will be asked to listen to part of an academic lecture and to

In Question 6, you will be asked to listen to part of an academic lecture and to

游客2024-01-03  22
问题 In Question 6, you will be asked to listen to part of an academic lecture and to give a summary of it.
After you have listened to the lecture, you will have 20 seconds to prepare and 60 seconds to speak.
Task
-    Comprehend part of an academic lecture
-    Summarize the main points
Two types of irrigation methods that are used worldwide are mentioned in your textbook. Flood irrigation—that’s been a method in use since ancient times—and we still use it today where water’s cheap. Basically, canals connect a water supply like a river or a reservoir to the fields where ditches are constructed with valves, uh, valves that allow farmers to siphon water from the canal, sending it down through the ditches. So that way the field can be totally flooded, or smaller, narrow ditches along the rows can be filled with water to irrigate the crop. But, this method does have quite a few disadvantages. Like I said, it’s contingent upon cheap water because it isn’t very efficient and the flooding isn’t easy to control, I mean, the rows closer to the canal usually receive much more water, and of course, if the field isn’t flat, then the water won’t be evenly distributed. Not to mention the cost of building canals and ditches and maintaining the system. So let’s consider the alternative—the sprinkler system. In this method of irrigation, it’s easier to control the water and more efficient since the water’s directed only on the plants. But, in hot climates, some of the water can evaporate in the air. Still, the main problem with sprinklers is the expense for installation and maintenance because there’s a very complicated pipe system and that usually involves a lot more repair and even replacement of parts, and of course, we have to factor in the labor costs in feasibility studies for sprinklers.
Example Notes—Main Points
Flood
-    Not efficient
-    Difficult to control—flat fields
-    Initial expense to build canals, ditches
-    Requires maintenance
Sprinkler
-    Complicated pipe system
-    Expensive to install, maintain, repair, replace
-    Labor cost
Using examples from the lecture, describe two general types of irrigation systems. Then explain the disadvantages of each type.
Two types of irrigation methods that are used worldwide are mentioned in your textbook. Flood irrigation—that’s been a method in use since ancient times—and we still use it today where water’s cheap. Basically, canals connect a water supply like a river or a reservoir to the fields where ditches are constructed with valves, uh, valves that allow farmers to siphon water from the canal, sending it down through the ditches. So that way the field can be totally flooded, or smaller, narrow ditches along the rows can be filled with water to irrigate the crop. But, this method does have quite a few disadvantages. Like I said, it’s contingent upon cheap water because it isn’t very efficient and the flooding isn’t easy to control, I mean, the rows closer to the canal usually receive much more water, and of course, if the field isn’t flat, then the water won’t be evenly distributed. Not to mention the cost of building canals and ditches and maintaining the system. So let’s consider the alternative—the sprinkler system. In this method of irrigation, it’s easier to control the water and more efficient since the water’s directed only on the plants. But, in hot climates, some of the water can evaporate in the air. Still, the main problem with sprinklers is the expense for installation and maintenance because there’s a very complicated pipe system and that usually involves a lot more repair and even replacement of parts, and of course, we have to factor in the labor costs in feasibility studies for sprinklers.
选项
答案 Two methods of irrigation were discussed in the lecture. First, flood irrigation. It involves the release of water into canals and drainage ditches that flow into the fields. The disadvantages of the flood method, urn, well, it isn’t very efficient since more water is used in flooding than the crops actually, uh, need, and also it isn’t easy to control. Another problem is the initial expense for the construction of the canals and the connecting ditches as well as ... as maintenance. And besides that, if the fields aren’t flat, the water doesn’t—I mean, it isn’t distributed evenly. The second method is sprinkler irrigation, which uses less water and provides better control, but there is some evaporation, and the pipe system’s complicated and can be expensive to install and maintain. So ... there’s usually a lot more labor cost because the equipment must be repaired and replaced more often that a canal system.
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