2. 职称英语
  3. Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task o

Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task o

游客2024-01-02  39
问题     Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes.
    In the first form, known as primary cooperation, group and individual unite. The group contains nearly all of each individual’s life. The rewards of the group’s work are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group, and task performed: Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued.
    While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modern societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy the fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation.
In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic; the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals; it breaks down when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship. [br] Which of the following is an example of the third form of cooperation as it is defined in Paragraph 4?
选项 A、Students form a study group so that all of them can improve their grades.
B、A new business attempts to take customers away from an established company.
C、Two rival political parties temporarily work together to defeat a third party.
D、Members of a farming community share work and the food that they grow.
答案 C
解析 见第四段第一句和第三句：In the third type，called tertiary cooperation or accommodation，latent conflict underlies the shared work．．．Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals；it breaks down when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals．第一句谈到：在第三级合作或迁就融合性合作中，在共同参与的工作背后存在着潜在的冲突。而第三句谈到：迁就融合性合作包括采用一致的手段去达到敌对的目的；而当一致的手段无法使得各方达到自己日的时，这种合作就破裂了。内容与选项C．“两个竞争的党派会为了击败第三个党而暂时合作”相符，所以C正确。
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